Combating Indias Air Pollution - 537 Words

In the United States, clean air is taken for granted. Our geography and air pollution policies are such that it is not a major health risk here as it is in some other developing countries. In India, however, their economy is growing so rapidly that they are not taking into consideration their environmental impact. As developing countries grow, their economies shift from agrarian to industrial to technological. In some ways, this is good for the people. The very poor can get jobs and feed their families. However, in places like India with a massive urban population, the amount of resources they use is too much for the amount of air pollution they are emitting. A new study by Yale and Columbia University has found that India has the worst air pollution in the world because it contains the highest number of deadly Particulate Matter (PM) that can get trapped in people’s lungs. This is due mostly to the high number of auto emission. Coal-fired industry and the natural dust also ad d to the problem, but the emissions for cars, busses, and trucks are the main source. Anumita Roychowdhury, an Indian environmental scientist, reported, â€Å"PM is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory infections and cancer.† These are the most common deaths among Indian children under age 5. The severity of the situation is unprecedented, and the current policy is not doing much to fix the problem. In my opinion, the best way to solve the auto emission puzzle in India’s urban areas is aShow MoreRelatedThe World Will End From A Nuclear War1988 Words   |  8 PagesEarth rivers, lakes, and even oceans will be render useless is. In countries such as America and Asia or any other superpower are causing massive pollution to the world water. In fact, according to recent estimates, â€Å"In developing countries, 70 percent of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters, polluting the usable water supply† (water pollution, national Geographic).T his shows why this is serious problem in the world for if the world is losing its water supply there is no hope in survivingRead MoreLG Electronics - Global Strategy in Emerging Markets7790 Words   |  32 Pagesmanufacturing televisions and VCRs at its factory in Manaus. The government of Brazil was promoting investment in the underdevel3 P. R. Sinha. 2005. Premium marketing to the masses: An interview with LG Electronics India’s Managing Director. The McKinsey Quarterly Special Edition: Fulfilling India’s Promise. 4 TB0073 This document is authorized for use only by Justin Lau in (BUSS325_2013) Korean business and managment in the global context taught by Martin Hemmert from March 2013 to September 2013. ForRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility in Ranbaxy Laboratories10038 Words   |  41 Pages6 3.7. Research and Development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 3.8. Industry’s contribution to developing world’s diseases†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................................6 3.9. Global pharmaceutical market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 3.10. India’s pharmaceutical industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 3. Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............................8 4.11. GoodGuide.com†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4.12. ATM Index†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4. RanbaxyRead MoreStrategic Management - Suzlon7451 Words   |  30 Pageswith soaring power costs and the infrequent availability of power, he looked to wind energy as an alternative. Beginning with a wind farm project he set forth to acquire the basic technology and varied expertise to set up Suzlon Energy Limited - India’s first home-grown wind technology company. Suzlon began with a wind farm project in the Gujarat state of India in 1995 with a capacity of just 3 MW and has, at the end of 2011, approaching 20,000 MW of installations across the world. Today SuzlonRead MoreComment on How Changes in Macro and Market Environment Forces Impact on the Level of Competition in an Industry.18606 Words   |  75 Pagesas part of a restructuring or rescue package for ailing ï ¬ rms. The general principle is that such payments should be ‘one-oï ¬â‚¬s’ to prevent uncompetitive ï ¬ rms being repeatedly bailed out by their governments. This has not always applied, however, with Air France being given ï ¬ nancial assistance several times.10 Overall, though, the level of state aid given to ï ¬ rms in most of the EU member states is declining. State aid National laws In addition to EU laws, member states also have the right toRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageshuman reliance on fossil fuel energy sources over the course of the long twentieth century has degraded the land, water, and air of the planetary environment. From multinational corporations to impoverished peasants burning away the rain forest for land to plant their crops or pasture their cattle, he seeks to identify the specific agents responsible for both pollution and ecological degradation. And he tracks underlying trends and factors—such as rapid population growth, rampant consumerism

Business Ethics John Locke Essay - 1696 Words

Business Ethics: John Locke Business Ethics Business ethics is defined as â€Å"a specialized study of moral right and wrong that focusses on moral standards as they apply to business institutions, organizations, and behavior† (Velasquez, 2014, p.15). Business ethics is the study of moral standards that focusses primarily on how these standards may apply to social systems and/or organizations. For this paper I will be focusing on one of the great minds of business ethics, John Locke, his ideas and contributions to business ethics. Business ethics investigations can be broken down into three different sub-categories, systematic, corporate, and individual. Systematic issues in business are ethical questions about economic, political,†¦show more content†¦Locke’s mother was named Agnes Keene, both parents were Puritans. Locke was born in a small thatched cottage by a church in Wrington, Somerset, which was located about twelve miles from Bristol. Locke, was baptized the same day of his birth. Soon following Locke’s birth, the family moved to the market town of Pensford, which was located about seven miles south of Bristol, where he grew up in a rural Tudor house in Bellution. At the age of fifteen, Locke was sent to the prestigious Westminster School in London under the sponsorship of Alexander Popham, who was a Member of Parliament and his father’s former commander. After his competition of Westminster School, he was admitted to Christ Church, Oxford. Although a Locke was a b right and capable student, he became irritated by the undergraduate curriculum of the time. After finding works of modern philosophers, such as Rene Descartes, in which he found to be far more interesting than the material that was being taught at the university, he began to start focusing on philosophy. In 1656, Locke was awarded a bachelor’s degree in medicine, and two years later in 1658 he was awarded his master’s degree. Having studied medicine during his time at Oxford, Locke worked with noted scientists and thinkers such as Robert Boyle, Thomas Willis, Robert Hooke, and Richard Lower. In 1666, Locke met Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, who had come to Oxford seeking treatment for a liverShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Modern Capitalism1204 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke was a philosopher that didn’t think human thought was based on pure egoistic behavior. Locke believed people were partially altruistic, believing that people respec ted the rights of others by rational thought capabilities. There is speculation about how John Locke would view the modern idea of American Capitalism and how it would complement or conflict his idea of the social contract. I will argue that John Locke would be against this interpretation of modern capitalism. There are differentRead MorePiracy Case Study Piracy1210 Words   |  5 PagesOur Case Study defined in the Learning Journal this week is entitled â€Å"Pirates.† We are to discuss Locke s Treatise on â€Å"Of Property† with regards to this case study, along with the readings assigned. Case Study – Pirates The case study, entitled â€Å"Pirates,† is an online forum on the subject of CD burning and the comments therein. The protagonist initiating the dialogue has an issue burning, or creating, a copy of a CD. Within this case study there are four comments, as well as many others within theRead MoreThe Energy Cooperative Case1483 Words   |  6 Pagesis good or bad depending on the motivation of their action and not on the goodness of the consequences of those actions† ( ). The director that is asking for permission to use the name of a non-profit organization rather than the name of his own business is due for question. According to Kant the directors alternative motivates need to be evaluated along with the director’s moral worth of the situation. The director has signed a statement agreeing they are self employed consultants with no joiningRead MoreCorporate Leaders Are Responsible for Organizational Ethics1098 Words   |  4 PagesIt is important that an organi zation have values. And the role of any leader should be to establish and enforce these values. Corporate Leaders are responsible for organizational ethics. In Sims Brinkman (2002), according to a report from the Business Roundtable, leadership is crucial to organizational ethics and to achieve these results the CEO and other leaders need to be openly and strongly committed to ethical conduct. They do this by giving constant leadership and renewing the valuesRead MoreChaser Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy 6: Ethical Issues in Business Midterm Essay Chase Novak Dr. Parker Need or Greed? New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price Rises Immanuel Kant-Kantian Deontology John Locke- The Justification of Private Property Adam Smith-Benefits of the Profit Motive Milton Friedman- The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits Thesis: An examination of the case study New Protocol: How Drug’s Rebirth as Treatment for Cancer Fueled Price RisesRead MoreEssay on Ethics Unit Mini Case797 Words   |  4 Pagesoperations company. The stakeholders in this case are as follows: Joe, who has been recently promoted to the position of District Manager of Computer Operation. Mary is the Divisional Manager of Information Systems and Joe reports directly to her. John is the President and CEO of the company and the immediate boss to Mary. The other stakeholders are the general employees of this big company and among them anonymous letter writer. Since this is a computer company, the other stake holders are the customersRead MoreThe Human Right Of Free Speech And Intellectual Property Rights1392 Words   |  6 Pages† As technology continues to rapidly evolve, ethics in technology has become an increasingly prevalent issue. A common misconception maintains that everyone has the same set of ethics, but the rea lity is quite different. No human is exactly the same, therefore it stands to reason that not everyone would share the same opinion on what is and is not ethical behavior. This essay is an exploration into the five main schools of thought when discussing ethics in technology. While there are many issues thatRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Faced By Suzanne Holl1244 Words   |  5 Pagesin not only the CPA Journal but also cited in many other peer reviewed works. This article, as it’s title suggests, is used to demonstrate various ethical dilemmas that a CPA could face, either naturally or after decisions made with questionable ethics. It can be used to prepare future CPA’s for different scenarios, while simultaneously highlighting the importance of making ethical decisions. There are three different dilemmas highlighted in the article Suzanne Holl wrote. However, for the sakeRead MoreStarbucks Code Of Ethics1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe scenes? Today stakeholders and consumers demand business to take more social responsibility and business practices. With greater ethical practices companies are more likely to see an upward trend in profits, customer satisfaction and employee commitment. In this essay, I will be examining Starbucks’ code of ethics. I will illustrate how Starbucks can achieve profitable growth in an ethical manner. I will be exploring Starbucks’ code of ethics through Freeman, Freidman and Kant’s theories. StarbucksRead MoreLiberalism And Its Impact On International Relations Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagestouch the essential values and norms regarding liberalism. Liberalism is based on human experience and habit absorbed from society. So in same manner in this essay I will be trying to review and address liberalism and different philosophers Kant, Locke, Doyle and many more. When there is liberalism, one of the important issue that liberalism talks is international institutions and their impact on international politics and international relations of states. As liberalism argues for influence of international

Are recovered memories from child abuse reliable Essay Example For Students

Are recovered memories from child abuse reliable Essay Jennifer Willis Paper 3 Are recovered memories from child abuse reliable Essay In the past there was a vast gray area between the time and the substance of an alleged childhood sexual abuse and the subsequent recollection of that abuse. With the intense focus by psychiatric community and the criminal justice system to ascertain the truth, the grey lines are becoming more black and white. With the reliance more on scientific methodology and better methods of achieving memory recall there is less reason for twelve jurors to question whether abuse occurred or not. Traumatic amnesia is a documented, verifiable syndrome. The numerous studies that have been seen made , some concurrent with the sexual abuse, others come from memory recall of the abused are statistically reliable and evidentiary of the facts. Sexual abuse creates trauma that is impossible to duplicate in a laboratory setting because the emotional responses that are experienced by the abused are far more complex than anything that can be stimulated artificially. Our better understanding of memory and how it works is really new paradigms for differentiating traumatic ,memory recall from false memory (implanted ideas that are subsequently recalled.In the article by Ann Cossins (recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse- fact or fantasy?), Cossins builds an excellent foundation for the acceptance of memory recall to validate the existence of abuse while rejecting the proponents of FMS, as potentially unscientific and basing their truths to be the subjective judgements of the accused. To adhere to a belief that recalled memory of sexual abuse is not reliable. We know empirically that this is not true. To return to Willis 3 our question of the reliability of recovered memory from childhood, I would have to conclude that the recovered memory is reliable. The recent cases in our criminal justice system dealing with the abuse by Catholic priests of young boys have been successfully prosecuted because of our belief as a society that if it walks like a duck , talks like a duck, the chances are, its a duck. In the past, such abuse might never have come to light because of our predisposition to believe that a priest was not capable of such behavior. The Michael Jackson case deals precisely with the topic of this discussion. In the final analysis the jurors will have substantial scientific evidence on which to base their decision. The proper use of decision making tools that have been derived from the various relevant studies may in the future impact our criminal justice system in the same manner as DNA evidence. .

Organization Sales Forecast for Justification

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Sales Forecast for Justification. Answer: Introduction Sales forecast of any organization is done to assess the possible accomplishment of objectives set by any upcoming organization related sales of that organization. This forecast is made to understand the basic features of selling the products chosen by the company. A practical sales forecast can make the company able to understand deployment of its working capital which is being derived through the calculation of balancing current assets over current liabilities. It is always found that projected sales is guiding the organization towards its procurement, sales and marketing infrastructure and the respective strategy fixation related to sales of the said company. It is ideally accepted that sales forecast should be realistic keeping in mind the capacity of company so far its financial ability is concerned. A small upcoming company needs this instrument to evaluate its need of capital for procurement materials for production and subsequent sales. Hence a proper sales forecast can guide the company towards its future journey in more sustainable manner. (Berry) A realistic sale forecast needs to cover all SKUs to be sold by the company. It should consider the cost of sales and other costs including variable and fixed costs. In case of determination of sales forecast, a company should analyze its ability to sale all SKUs presented by the company for sale. The sale may be from own counter, or from distribution channel, but the basic criterion of this aspect is to understand the ability of the company to afford the costs related to sales operation along with other relevant costs allied to this operation. (Rath, 2016) The basic needs of preparation of sales forecast demand realistic view towards selection of products, the fixation of price, the way the company wants to present them through its marketing strategy, and with the strategy of recovering the money from the debtors. It is mandatory for any business plan to project a good sales forecast which can guide the management to act as per the need of the company. Critical analysis of SKUs with its nature and the expected response from the target audience are the main features for making a sales forecast. Sales Forecast of XX Herbal products are attached as spreadsheet. The basic considerations of this forecast are depending upon following criteria:- The rate of service for naturopathy is considered as $110 for new members and $ 80 for existing members. The anticipated numbers of clients in the form of new and old are mentioned in the column No.s/Growth %. The sales of health foods and caf foods are being anticipated with a base figure of 70,000 and 60,000 respectively for the month of June 2001. The company Is aspiring 175% growth in health foods and 120% growth in caf foods business to ensure its sustainability. The company has projected naturopathy service to have clients of around 160 by end of the F Y 2001-02. P L A/c Projection with Justification Profit and Loss a/c is the financial statement which can feature the financial position of the company for any specific financial period by considering the revenue generated and the respective expenses made for this revenue generation. While starting a new business, the entrepreneur should make a projected P L A/c to understand where he can reach after the specified period. It is often found that good entrepreneur makes this statement for financial period of longer tenure to assess and understand the viability of this business so far return is concerned. (Score, 2016) To make any projection of anticipated P L, the entrepreneur should consider realistic revenue projection, along with cost of sales and other cost factors keeping in mind the effect of inflation trend for future as per statistics provided by the country statistical board. It is also to be considered that the balance of incoming and outgoing funds is to be maintained which is done through projected cash flow statement. The main assumptions related to P L A/c projection of any organization are relevant expenses in the nature of fixed and variable costs. It is mostly found that unrealistic p L projection may lead the new entrepreneur to confusion as, if the real life figures do not match with projected presentation, the entrepreneur has to find some other strategies to prove the viability of the project with the objective of making the project sustainable. (ANZ) The Projected P L of XX Herbal Products are made as per the considerations mentioned below which is features in the business plan: The company has service in the form of naturopathy and products in the forms of health foods and caf foods to offer to their clients. Cost of sales for health foods are anticipated as 45 % of revenue and for caf foods @35% of revenue of respective segment. There is no cost of sales for naturopathy as it is a service. Salary had been estimated as $ 5000 for 9 employees. In September, one employee is projected to be absorbed for health food division. The projection also features addition of one employee more in December and 2 more in Jan till end of the financial year to manage the operation of the company Other different expenses are projected head-wise as per anticipation. Incentives to staff are being anticipated on quarterly basis as per accomplishment of corporate objectives set for them individually and collectively as well. Rent was projected as $ 1,000 which is subject to projected enhancement in January 2002. Expenses under head Utilities will cover different charges like electricity, water and cleaning charges. Insurance is being estimated for covering the fixed assets of the company. Depreciation is being projected for fixed assets of the company. References: ANZ. (n.d.). ANZ Small Business Hub. (ANZ, Producer) Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from The Small Busienss Hub: https://thesbhub.com.au/tools-and-templates/how-to-forecast-profit-and-loss Berry, T. (n.d.). BPlans Starting a business made easy. Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from BPlans-How to Forecast Sales: https://articles.bplans.com/how-to-forecast-sales/ Rath, T. (2016, 09 20). Sales Forecasting for Your Business Plan: Know Your Numbers. Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from The Balance: https://www.thebalance.com/sales-forecasting-for-business-plan-2951566 Score. (2016, 06 14). 12-Month Profit and Loss Projection. Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from Score: https://www.score.org/resource/12-month-profit-and-loss-projection

Tulsa Race Riots Essay Example For Students

Tulsa Race Riots Essay Tulsa Race RiotThe Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Before the events of the Tulsa race riot African Americans saw the white community taking justice into their own hands. Black citizens of Tulsa stood up against this sort of white mob. This escaladed into the Tulsa race riot. The Tulsa race riot and its effects weighed heavily upon the African Americans of this era. The first event was with the Industrial Workers of World (IWW), where they were blamed by Tulsans in bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. It began on October 29, 1917, when the home of a wealthy oilman was bombed in Tulsa. There were little clues to be found but as Scott Ellsworth reports in his book Death in a Promised Land, The newspapers were pointing the blame to the IWW(25). The secretary of the IWW was going to be the spokes person for the twelve members of the IWW in court, with the accusation of bombing the house of a wealthy oilman. Ellsworth reports:The trial was brought to a speedy conclusion. Not only did Judge Evans find the twelve guilty, fine them $100 each, and committed them to jail, but five people in the courtroom who had served as witnesses for the defense arrested. The police were then instructed to transfer the seventeen prisoners that night to the county jail(30). The police officers escorted the seventeen men into cars and took them to the county jail, but on the way they were halted by a group of armed men, which called themselves Knights of Liberty. Knights of Liberty took the seventeen men out of the car and tied them to the tree. As Ellsworth reports, They were wiped on their back and then hot tar and feathers were then applied to the bloodied backs of the seventeen men (30). The second event, which showed that white Tulsans were hostile before the Tulsa Race Riot, was when Roy Belton killed Homer Nida a taxi car drive. On August 21, 1920, Nida was driving two white men and one white woman to a dance in Red Fork. While driving Nida notice something unusual about his passenger. Just before Red Fork, as Scott Ellsworth writes that Nida was clubbed on the head by on of the men with a revolver (30). They got outside of Red Fork were Nida was then shot in the stomach by one of the men in the car. Roy Belton a white former telephone company worker took a ride from Tulsa to Nowata; another passenger read aloud the newspapers accounts of the crime. As Ellsworth says, Belton remarked that he knew who the woman was in the Nidas cab (30). He was then arrested for shooting Homer Nida. When Belton was in the courthouse, thousand of white citizens of Tulsa waited outside for Belton so that justice could be server for the kill of Homer Nida. When Belton came out of the courthouse onlookers cheered as his captors shouted, We got him boys. Weve got him. Belton was then taken to the Jenks road were he then was lynched by the white mob. We will write a custom essay on Tulsa Race Riots specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now White supremacy in Tulsa during 1917 to 1921 was soaring, white citizen of Tulsa thought with events of bombing a wealthy oilman home to the killing of a taxi cab driver that they should have take the law into their own hands. African Americans were terrified in the white citizens actions. African Americans felt that they would not get equal justice with the law, so African Americans had to stand together against white supremacy and challenge their authority. Which leads into the events that start of the Tulsa race riot. Dick Rowland work as a shoe shiner on Main Street. There were no toilet facilities for the boot shiners, so the owner of the shine parlor where Rowland worked arranged for the employees to use the restroom across the street on the top floor. So the morning of May 31, 1921 Rowland went across the street to us the bathroom. Dick Rowland got onto the elevator to go to the top floor of the building. Minutes later the young lady ran out of the elevator with scratches on h er hands, but later many white Tulsans claimed that Rowland had attack the younger lady. With these claims from the whites citizens of Tulsa, African Americans became fearful for what was going to happen to Dick Rowland. Rumors were going around that a white mod was going to the courthouse to hang Dick Rowland. As the magazine article The Crusader reports, The white mob formed around the court house where Dick Rowland was confined, with the avowed purpose of lynching the Negro prisoner, a brutal challenge was thrown right into the face of the Negro population of Tulsa. And Tulsa Negroes took up the gaggle. A body of twenty-five colored men moved to the courthouse to protect Rowland and to uphold the law and order (5). The Negros of Tulsa were going to challenge the whites citizens of Tulsa so that Dick Rowland would get a fair trial, but it also showed that African Americans were taking a stand again white supremacy. The New York Time gives another article providing more evidence th at: The Negroes who gathered to defend the Tulsa jail against attack by the white mob, and to defend a prisoner confined in that jail against the murderous intents of white hoodlums out for a lynching bee were not these Negroes acting in behalf of law and order, and in defense of the prisoners Constitutional right to a legal trial by his peers and with due process of law (21). The white saw that the African American citizens were better armed, so as The Crusader reports, Armed mobs of whites now broke into hardware stores and pawnshops, taking weapons and ammunition (5).This is where the white mobs were getting hostile, they had more men and they were heavily armed. Then a white man approached an African American male and attempted to take his gun away from him. Shots were then fired which started the June 1, 1921 Tulsa race riot, the largest race riot that this nation has ever seen. As a CNN article wrights, Truckloads of whites set fires and shot African Americans on sight (n.pag. ). Many newspapers reported saying fireman who responded to the alarm, were kept away. As a report for The Crusader, firemen made no attempt to fight the flames in the Negro district, but rather took up a position midway between the Negro and the white districts that would enable them to fight the spread of the flames to the white district(21). There have been some eye witness accounts that whites were flying airplanes The Black Wall Street or Little Africa which were the names given to the Greenwood district of Tulsa, laid in ruins from the white mobs.As the Tulsa Tribune reports on the following days of the Tulsa race riot, that the Nation Guardsmen under command of Adjutant General Barrett patrolling the Negro section, now a smoldering mass of blackened ruins, at 2:30 this afternoon and with the city under martial law, , which took a death toll of nine white men and boys, 68 Negroes (1A). After the race riot African Americans were put into camps so that they would not cause anoth er upraising. With all of this information, it does not show that white citizens of Tulsa did anything wrong. African Americans were at fault with this uprising, even the Major of Tulsa to the Commissioners states, Let the blame for this Negro uprising lie right where it belongs on the armed Negroes (n.pag.). This clear evidence shows that the white supremacy in Tulsa was enormous. White Tulsans had gotten away with a crimes of murder and property damage. The Independent and Weekly Review reports that a property loss of over $1,500,000, the complete destruction of the Negro garters of Tulsa Oklahoma (646). There is no clear evidence on how many people die in the Tulsa race riot too. For the magazine Economist it stated with its eyewitness accounts of dead bodies stacked like cordwood against a fence, and tossed by the dozens into the Arkansas River (29). There were also many unmark mass grave sights were dead bodies were buried. In all African Americans were arrested and put into ca mps, while white citizens of Tulsa were hero for protecting the city. .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .postImageUrl , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:hover , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:visited , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:active { border:0!important; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:active , .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0 .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b66237ae1aef8a3372c3a22b18050f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare is a well known author who wrote in th EssayThe Long-term effects of Tulsa race riot brought many people of different race together learning and remember the events of June 1, 1921. The effect of the Tulsa race riot has been show in the civil rights era. As Scott Ellsworth reports In the 1950s and 1960s black civil rights leaders used the threat of bringing up the riot as leverage in negotiations with white leaders in Tulsa (60). The commission of Tulsa has been working since 1997 to create a better picture of the violence that led to the destruction the citys black business district. The magazine the Jet report, that the commissioners recommended restitution r anging from a memorial and scholarships to direct payments to survivors and their descendants (9). There is also been a controversy about the number of deaths during the Tulsa race riot. In 1999 historians came to Tulsa trying to find the correct number of deaths. In a Goble-News article historians believe close to 300 people died during the violence of the Tulsa race riot (n.pag.). In all black citizen of Tulsa became very close do to this tragedy that accrued on June 1, 1921. The Tulsa race riot changed the course of American history by actively expressing African American views on white supremacy. Certainly I feel with the available facts in this research paper, that the whites were the aggressors for the events leading up to the Tulsa race riot and the start of the Tulsa race riot. African Americans were simply there to stand up against the white supremacy and to provide the African Americans Tulsa their freedom and equal justice.

3 Problems with Parenthesis

3 Problems with Parenthesis 3 Problems with Parenthesis 3 Problems with Parenthesis By Mark Nichol Parenthesis is the strategy of setting a word, phrase, or clause off from a sentence to interject additional information into that statement. Despite the name, parenthesis can be accomplished with a two commas or a pair of dashes as well as with a brace of parentheses. However, several problems can occur when writers attempt to parenthesize: The punctuation employed is not appropriate, the parenthesis is misplaced in the sentence, or what appears to be a parenthetical element is in fact something else. The following sentences illustrate these three problems respectively. 1. He took it from me, stole it, really, years ago. Really is a parenthesis of â€Å"stole it† (a parenthesis can follow rather than interrupt the phrase or clause it supplements), and â€Å"stole it, really† is a parenthesis of â€Å"He took it from me years ago,† so a hierarchy of punctuation should be employed to clarify the sentence organization. Because dashes are more emphatic than commas, they should assume the major parenthetical role; the comma separating â€Å"stole it† and really can remain: â€Å"He took it from me- stole it, really- years ago.† 2. Attacks relating to phishing fraud attempts have been very common in recent times (e.g., someone posing as an organization’s CEO emails its CFO to request an urgent payment transfer). A parenthesis should be directly adjacent to the element of the sentence it pertains to. This parenthesis relates to â€Å"attacks relating to fraud attempts,† not to â€Å"recent times,† so it should immediately follow the former phrase: â€Å"Attacks relating to phishing fraud attempts (e.g., someone posing as an organization’s CEO emails its CFO to request an urgent payment transfer) have been very common in recent times.† 3. But the battle has not been lost- the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve- as one door closes, another is opened. This sentence is punctuated as if â€Å"the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve† is a parenthetical statement interrupting the framing sentence, but the statement that remains when the parenthesis is omitted is â€Å"But the battle has not been lost; as one door closes, another is opened,† which makes no sense, because the point of the second clause does not follow from that of the first. However, the statement between the dashes is not parenthetical, and the third clause is an extension of the second one, not the initial one. The first dash correctly signals that a shift in syntax is imminent (another function of the dash besides parenthesis), but another punctuation mark should replace the second dash so that the two dashes are not misinterpreted as bracketing a parenthetical comment: â€Å"But the battle has not been lost: The battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve; as one door closes, another is opened.† (Another option is to divide the sentence into two statements, as here: â€Å"But the battle has not been lost. The battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve; as one door closes, another is opened.† In this case, the second dash can be retained instead of replacing it with a semicolon.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals50 Idioms About Roads and Paths10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Materials for Snowboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Materials for Snowboard - Essay Example It had a rope attached to the front tip of the snurfer (board) which offered the rider some control, and there were steel tacks poking through the upper deck for putting the rider's feet in place. Snowboarding then gradually started gaining popularity in the 1970's and 80's, when Snowboarding pioneers like Dimitrije Milovich, (East Coast surfer), and Jake Burton Carpenter unveiled new snowboard designs, related materials and machineries. The development has been quite phenomenal since then. By the end of 20th century there are hardly any Ski-resorts around the world without the snowboarding facility. This game has so far gained more popularity in Europe and USA, with rapid stride in other parts of the world as well. Snowboards are generally similar in construction with exception to some tooling modifications. Some designers think that Cap Construction enhances edge hold on hard snow and generally improves board responsiveness while others contend that caps are harder to repair if the sidewall is damaged. Both types have proved their merits though. Snowboards are categorized into groups like race, alpine, all-mountain/all-around/free-riding and half-pipe/free-style depending upon the style of snowboarding. Snowboards are fabricated from advanced composite materials. Composites are combinations of two materials. One of the materials, called the reinforcing phase, is in the form of fibers, sheets, or particles, and is embedded in the other material/s called the matrix phase. The reinforcing material and the matrix material can be metal, ceramic, or polymer. Typically, reinforcing materials are strong with low densities while the matrix is usually a ductile, or tough, material. The eight main materials in a snowboard are: Topsheet with printed graphic Fiber glass or epoxy Wood or foam core Steel inserts Plastic base, (P-tex) Metal edges Resin Sytsem (glue) Rubber Foil Anatomy of Snowboard The length of metal edge on the Snowboard which touches the snow is the effective part that is used to make a turn. So, it does not include the edge of the tip and tail. The effective edge is in contact with the snow when the board is in a carved turn. A longer effective edge makes for a more stable, controlled ride; a shorter effective edge makes for a looser, easier turning board. Contact points are the points at which the board makes contact with the snow without the pressure of the rider being displaced on the board. This is also called the board's "wheel base". Snowboard construction also differs in the type of materials used in several layers. A Snowboard is constructed in the following steps; i. A layer of UHMW (Ultra High Molecular Weight) polyethylene or plastic commonly known as P-Tex (its brand name) is placed at the bottom of the board. This provides the slippery surface that makes the snowboard slide on snow. During the winter months wax is added to this base to keep it running fast. ii. This

Report question about AMR-US Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Report question about AMR-US Airways - Assignment Example Fuel volatility is bad for the airlines because it reduces airline revenues, trust fund revenues, and access of passengers to the national aviation system. The domestic passenger traffic, reduces by 9% overall. Some airlines in the US decrease of 25%. These decreases declined the revenue of airports, prompting the airports to cut their operating costs, and hold the capital improvement projects. Price fluctuation also led to airports to reduce their airline capacity causing some of the passengers to lose access to the services of commercial air. This is due to increased fares in the passenger market. Smaller airports with fewer flight options, has the largest percentage decrease in their nonstop destinations as well as their reduction in capacity. Therefore, when the price of fuel fluctuates, Trust Fund revenues will fall, thereby contributing to a decrease in the funds non-committed balance (Lehman, 67). The Cost per ASM is computed by calculating the operating cost by the available Seat Miles that an online provides each year, this will vary with capacity. A quick analysis of the ASM from the company shows that the overall capacity has increased since. This explains the reducing Cost of ASM. On the other hand, the operating expenses have increased sharply since. Therefore, CASM for the 3month ending 2013/06/30 The Revenue Seat Miles is the distance an airplane flies times the passenger’s seat available for the passengers (Ones, 76). RSM is normally referred as the available seat miles. Therefore, the operating Cost per Mile is calculated as The difference between the two numbers is calculated as 926 The US Airways: The total operating cost in the 2nd quarter was recorded in $3.4m, this was a one percent increase compared to the previous year. The operating Cost per available seat mile was recorded are 12.88 cents. This was down 2 % on a 4.2% rise in the airlines ASM. When special items like profit and fuel sharing are excluded, the airline’s CASM becomes 8.21 cents. The 8.21 cents is a 0.4% decrease in CASM compared to the previous year. The merger will benefit the firms because it would generate it would raise more than half a billion dollars to the consumers and firms as well. Additionally, the merger will provide an effective competitor to some of the leading companies in the industry (Ones, 76). This will reduce competition by sidelining the market from creating competitive and new flight options for the passengers (Nutriment, 88). Consequently, the merger would result in cutting of services and raises the domestic fares. Also, the merger would be beneficial to the firm because it would result to a more competitive airline industry thereby giving the passengers more choices (Lehman, 67). Also, the merger would bring about the most competitive development in the airline industry. It is in the same dimension that FTC allowed UA-CO merger. However, the FTC is discouraging AA-US merger because the merger would reduce the le gacy carrier number from 4 to 3. This would increase the chances of coordinated professionalism among the airlines. This will lead to higher fees, fare, and diminished services. Therefore, blocking the merging of the two airlines will loosen the competition. This will prolong the cycle of the crisis to the passenger’s detriment, to the US airways, and also to the employees

Political ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political ideologies - Essay Example The diverse ideologies include liberalism, conservatism and absolutism. Other ideologies include socialism and anarchism. I will look at the political ideologies in more detail. I will also give a detailed explanation on the ideology that I believe in. In many cases, a person who believes in one of the ideologies will not believe in another political ideology as the same time. The different ideologies have led to remarkable changes in people over the years leading to historic changes that improved life. A liberal is a person who believes in individualism. This means that personal interests and individual rights take center stage over other people in the society. Apart from this, liberals also believe that no person is above another (Eccleshall, 2000). Everyone is equal regardless of their political, social or economic status. They also believe that people have rational and are thus able to come up with solutions in times of troubles. They are also very open to new ideas. Environmenta lism on the other hand, is a type of ideology where people believe in keeping the environment free from pollution. They believe that there should be a balance between the human activities in the environment and the other organism, however, small. Anarchism is a type of ideology where people believe that the government can never be perfect. ... Socialists believe in societal activity compared to individualism thus the society and not individuals own property. In absolutism, people believe that the society should be organized well to ensure order. The people who believe in absolutism consider the king, emperor or leader to be the person who is above other people and capable of making all the right decisions. Ordinarily, I do not like disorganization of any form. This is because it makes me quite uncomfortable and I normally end up organizing whatever it is. I also believe that confusion and disorder is very dangerous and can cause adverse, negative effects to a country. When a nation has clear governing structure, common problems of disorder and confusion are extremely rare. Some people who are born to lead other people. They are people who are talented in heading people and ensuring everything is in order. They also make good choices and ensure that the nation grows economically. Again, other forms of leadership that entail s many people in charge of the nation leads to initiation of very many new ideas in the society. This is very dangerous because many times than not, it always leads to the chaos. This brings about loss of lives and property in wars. Consequently, it is always better retaining old ideologies, as they are safer because have been in use for a long time. This has made me believe that the ideology that best describes my beliefs is the absolutism ideology. Absolutism leadership is the most effective type of government, and it guarantees that the leader does not favor some people in the society. This is unlike the governments led by many individuals. This is because each leader wants to, please a majority of people in the society so that he secures

The profession of shipbroker

The profession of shipbroker The profession of ‘Shipbroker has been in use since the early days of commercial shipping. Originally the owner of the ship was also the trader; he bought cargoes in one place, carried it and sold it in other place. With the evolution of the international trade, the shipbroker became more specialized as it became intermediary who would find ships for the merchants; and cargoes for the ship owners. The term shipbroker means different things to different people. In Japan and Korea, for example, the term ship broker is only used for the intermediary broker. But in Europe the word ship broker is used to identify a variety of chartering functions. Chartering work is essentially a form of exchange of information. It is a business where the right information at the right moment is essential to be successful. The oxygen of any market is information. Information is what makes a market work. Gathering that information requires time, effort, people, equipment and a network of contact. The parties involved in a chartering deal are one party owns, controls or operates a ship as owner and another party who owns the cargo and looking to be carried by sea transport between two destinations The basic function of the shipbroker is to bring together the two parties concerned involving the ship and cargo owners, then start negotiation between them in order to fix the vessel. The brokers income is derived from the commission payable by the ship owner on completion and fulfilment of the contract. Another role of the shipbroker other than fixing the vessel is acting as agent for the ship owner. As such he is responsible for everything which may concern the vessel whilst she is on port such as customs formalities; matters concerning the crew; loading/discharge of vessels; bunkering and so on. Ship-brokers normally specialize in a specific part of the market; it can be dry cargo, chemical, passenger vessels, RORO vessels etc. It therefore needs a specialist at collecting information, it is no longer possible to be a general shipbroker and have knowledge about every market. Detailed specialist knowledge on certain areas, trades, sizes, commodities or charterers is always in demand as the ship owner, charterer or his representative will often need to learn about a different market depending on where his ship is or what he has to fix. Traders need to know freight rates in order to sell cargoes. All principals need up to date information on which ships are interested in what cargoes, why and at what rates, what cargoes need to be lifted in certain areas at certain times. There is huge variety of interest in the market place. While principals demand the information there is a need for someone to gather it and make sense of it  Ã‚   The Baltic Exchange, the worlds only independent source of maritime market information for the trading and settlement of physical and derivative contracts, is seeking to appoint a new freight market reporter. With the support of 69 international shipbroking companies, the Baltic Exchange publishes independent, high quality dry, wet and gas freight market information on a daily basis. The Baltic acts as a regulatory body for its members and provides a forum for shipping information to circulate amongst its members (Howe Robinson Co Ltd web site). Peter Kerr-Dineen, joint-chairman of Howe Robinson, also became Chairman of the Baltic Exchange during 2003, (Howe Robinson, 2007). Many larger shipbroking firms have separate departments specialising in Dry Cargo Chartering, Tanker Chartering, Sale Purchase and sometimes also Demolition sales and Research. Major shipbroking centres include London, Piraeus, New York, Houston, Hamburg, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. Major Shipbroking h ouses are ACM, Clarksons Galbraith, SSY, Braemar Seascope, Charles Weber, Gibsons, and J.E. Hyde The modern freight market is really more sophisticated. The use of super tankers and also better port equipments and the use of satellite navigation systems have improved much in the ship broking business areas. In Southampton docks, it used to take several weeks to unload an average cargo ship such as a type bulk cargo ship V Luck, 13 000 tonnes and now only takes a few days to do the same tasks. Modern ship broking is also nowadays more complicated with the new laws and regulations in regards with all necessary procedures to combat smuggling, and also environmental issues such as global warming. The Laws in this business are also expanding since there are many countries are now involved in the ship broking business. The contract between the ship owners and the cargo owners is becoming a lengthy process.   New terminology in the shipbroking business has also come up. The whole concept of the contract of this kind of business is called the volume contract of Affreightment. These contracts cover the whole concept contract from a charterers point of view and Owners point of view. It is also containing the definition in the documents and the period and the terminology they both agree to use in the contract during the contract agreements.   The European Union Commission, in their International market regulation dealing with professional qualifications is also putting regulations. Under their regulation for the Chartered Shipbroker, the European Union Commission chose the United Kingdom to be the competent authorities on the recognition of qualifications for this regulated prof ession. At present the competent authorities in the United Kingdom is the Department for Education and Employment Skills located in Moor foot, Sheffield, (Philips, A., 2006). The Ship broking business is becoming a serious task to be taken care off. New entrants into the profession do not need to hold a shipping qualification, but there are degrees courses in Maritime Studies at several British universities. The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers runs a course covering a wide range of subjects culminating in an examination to earn membership of the Institute. The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers is the professional body for those engaged in all aspects of the shipping business. A Royal Charter was granted in 1920, in recognition of the Institutes role in conferring a qualification (MICS/FICS) and maintaining professional standards. Membership is international and Institute branches have been established all over the world. There are many other institutes for shipbrokers all over the world

The Importance of Global Awareness Essay -- Politics Political Essays

The Importance of Global Awareness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States has been considered a leader in the global world of awareness since the beginning of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. It is the one country that has influenced international economics, world politics. As a college student, I have become aware that most of my classmates and friends are not concerned about foreign affairs. Americans, especially college students need to know what is going on around them. It is a vital part of our promising future that we understand the importance of global awareness. A rising controversial question that I have noticed as a student is: why is the United States considered a leading global power when we have so many problems of our own? How did we gain such a prestigious title? This â€Å"world leader† title is inconsistent because people, especially youths and college students don’t care about what is happening around the world. That is the most horrific problem of all. Apathy is worse than hate and ignorance because Americans don’t want to know and don’t care to understand about foreign affairs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many solutions to apathy and ignorance. The combination of â€Å"realists† and â€Å"idealists† play a central role in giving democracy the vitality and appeal it enjoys around the world today. The promotion of democracy worldwide advances the national security of the United States. It promotes national security by arguing that such policy makes for better relations with other people Hence this satisfies realist demand that the country thinks of its interests which are defined in terms of the international organization of power (Smith 224).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another solution dealing with apathy and ignorance is involving students in the Globa... ...ople around the world. Similar nations look up to us as a model for supporting, governing, and entertaining for their lifestyles and cultures. To solve our socio- economic problems, it is necessary that we look back at our following countries and learn from them. Works Cited Issues and Studies: A Monthly Journal of Communist Problems and World Affairs. Multipolarity: Myth or Reality? Ray C. Hillam Visiting Professor. Department of Political Science. National Taiwan University Volume X August 1974 Number 11 pages 2-24 Foreign Affairs The Rise of the Virtual State Richard Rosecrance Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for International Relations at the University of California, Los Angeles Volume 75 July and August 1996 Number 4 Global Awareness Homepage New Twentieth Century Fund Book â€Å"America’s Mission† Tony Smith pages 218-233

Conflict and culture Essay

Conflict is an integral part of human culture. When a number of people of interact with their own individual perspectives, view points, ideologies, cultural and social backgrounds and intellectual development then differences and debates are bound to arise as a logical and inevitable consequence of the interaction (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). These differences, acted upon by incompatible interests of attaining personal goals, change into conflict within groups, societies and nations. (Rahim, 2001,1) The greater the diversity and richer the profile of a society, the greater is the scope and range of its embedded conflict. Therefore it is essential to educate people on understanding and handling conflict and treat as an integral component of a democratic society that is important for developing a healthy social life (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). In every conflict, whether it is individual or at social scale, culture has always an important role to play. Depending upon the actors involved and the context of conflict, the role of culture in conflict can be direct or subtle, but it is always present as the ultimate factor in deciding the scope of conflict, its direction or its outcome. Culture even decides the existence of conflict, for people who are embedded in the culture of seeing world as a harmonious entity, may not be aware of any conflict through their life. In all the major disputes, debates and disagreement taking place around world, differences in cultural identities and perceptions are fundamental causative factors. A further evidence of the role that culture plays is evinced by peace and harmony existing among societies that have same culture, such as observed between USA and Britain, sharing same historical and cultural roots. Every conflict, whether it is trans-generational, geographical, religious, organizational, or personal, has a cultural component involved. People enshrined in their own culture often react with hostility against any cultural identity that appears contrary to their thought process and ideas. It follows therefore that any effort of conflict resolution needs to incorporate cultural understanding and acknowledge the existence and necessity of diversity (ibid).

Higher Education in America

Higher Education in America Introduction The American higher education has undergone a significant transformation over the past century. This is evident based on the numerous anniversaries that most American colleges and universities have conducted to celebrate the ascent in the education sector at the beginning of the 21st century (Thelin, 2011, p. 363).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Education in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the emergence of contemporary developments experienced the end of the first decade of the 21st century has dampened these achievements. Some of the challenges that universities and colleges are facing relate to financial constraints, decline in donor funding, and state appropriations. For example, students’ financial programs were caught up in congressional debates with regard to renewal of grants and loans program (Thelin, 2011, p. 363). Additionally, the American higher education has also experienced a decline in federal support with regard to universitys of these initiatives include the Race to the Top (RTT), Common Core State Standards (CCSS), and the Degree Qualification Profile. The objective of these initiatives was to stimulate reforms, which would improve the American higher education. Because of the initiatives, the American higher learning education has undergone significant transformation at various levels such as institutional, programmatic, departmental, and classroom levels. There has also been an increment in the number of partnerships between higher learning institutions in America and other countries. For example, the American government has collaborated with Latin American countries such as Costa Rica in an effort to stimulate economic growth besides nurturing sustainable manufacturing. Despite this, the American higher education system is experiencing an overload because of the numerous initiatives. As a result, higher learning institutions are not able to effectively analyze the most effective initiatives. If higher learning institutions do not keep up with the changes that are occurring, then there is a high probability of the intended goal not to be achieved. The initiatives are not spread even across the university. This is worsened by an increment in diversity within the higher learning institutions. Another factor that has influenced reconfiguration of American higher education relates to an increment in the number of new entrants. The new entrants have been motivated by the fact that most individuals perceive higher education as a change for attaining their intended growth. However, most of these institutions are profit oriented. For example, approximately 1.8 million students in the US were enrolled in 2,800 for-profit making higher learning institutions between 2008 and 2009. This shows that there is a considerable green population in America (Bennett, Lucchesi Vedder, 2010, p. 3). The third factor that has stim ulated reconfiguration of higher learning in America relates to diversity amongst students. Currently, the student profile has increasingly become diverse as students from different cultural backgrounds characterize it. The US higher education is also facing a significant transformation emanating from the change in the country’s demographic profile. Currently, the US is the third largest populous country globally with 4.5% of the world’s total population living in the US (Shrestha Heisler, 2011, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Education in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the 1st decade of the 21st century, the US higher education sector could best be described as ‘growth industry’ evidenced by the fact that the total student enrollment in approximately 3,000 institutions increased to 16 million. By 2010, it was projected that total student enrolment could be more than 20 million (Thelin, 2011, p.369). Studies conducted with reference to the US higher education reveal that the sector is experiencing epistemological transformations, increment in innovative ideas and research discoveries. One of the factors that have contributed to this change relates to change in the composition of the student body profile. Because of the increment in the rate of enrollment, there were significant reconfigurations with regard to the student’s demographic profiles, which ultimately resulted in the reconfiguration of the learning institutions’ administrations and faculties (Thelin, 2011, p. 369). In an effort to ensure that the country’s leaders are well prepared to take care of the responsibilities facing them, the American higher education has since its inception acknowledged the element of social diversity. Over the past few years, the rate of enrollment of students who were in the past underrepresented in American higher education i nstitutions is increasing at a higher rate compared to that of non-Hispanics (Frazier, Howard, Banks Kellogg, 2009, p. 4). Studies conducted reveal that it is inevitable for higher learning institutions in the US to avoid change in the students’ demographics in the future since the inclusion of the element of diversity in the higher learning institutions. According to Frazier, Howard, Banks, and Kellogg (2009, p. 6), there has been a dramatic transformation with regard to undergraduate student profile in America. The student profile has increasingly become ethnically and racially diverse. For example, the student profile is composed of Hispanics, Latinos, Asians, and African-Americans (Thelin, 2011, p. 369). Considering these demographic changes, the American higher education institutions face a challenge of ensuring that they take into account the change in the students’ demographic profile. One of the ways through which they can achieve this is by modifying their cur ricular, developmental, service, and programmatic offering. Additionally, administrations of higher learning institutions have an obligation to ensure that they promote research within their institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis of the main issues influencing higher education and their impact Change in profile of students The American higher education is also greatly being impacted by change in the student profile. Over the past few years, there has been a rampant increase in the number of minority group enrollment within the higher learning institutions. For example, universities and colleges located in New Mexico, California, Texas, and Arizona have experienced an increment in the rate of Latino and Hispanic undergraduate student enrollment (Thelin, 2011, p. 369). This means that higher education institutions have undergone cultural, ethnic and racial transformation. These students have become a very vocal and visible constituent of the institutions. One of the factors that have promoted the change in the student profile is growth in the rate of migration across states and increased geographical mobility. The resultant effect is that minority groups have over the recent past ceased to be perceive d as being a regional component but rather a core component of student enrollment. The change in the student profile within the higher education has led to the elimination of some factors that were evident within the higher education system. However, this has occurred because of the increased advocacy by the minority groups (Thelin, 2011, p. 370). This is done in pursuit of equal opportunities within the higher education system. Because of the increased diversity amongst students, higher education stakeholders such as policy makers face the responsibility of ensuring the necessary curricular advancements and improvement to student services. Additionally, the policymakers face an uphill task of ensuring that they offer progression and professional development that is in line with the students’ needs. This illustrates that change in the student profile will significantly affect the American higher education. Increased diversity amongst students has also led to significant chang e of policy with regard to the provision of financial aid to students. One of the ways through which this has occurred is the increased competition between private lenders and the federal government. Competition from private lenders aimed at ensuring that they get a share of the loan market. However, this led to marginalization of students in accessing welfare (Thelin, 2011, p. 270). For example, during the period ranging between 2006 and 2010, the student financial aid program was characterized by numerous controversies. Some of these controversies arose from a change in national priorities. For example, many financial institutions that were required to provide financial assistance to students offered lucrative amounts to the federally subsidized students at the expense of ensuring that they made college affordable to a new generation of college-going students of different backgrounds whose families had a modest income (Thelin, 2011, p. 370). Research in Universities During the 197 0s, different faculties in universities experienced increased pressure to conduct research (Smart Paulsen, 2011, p. 241). This represented a significant change from mid-1800s whereby universities’ core focus was on instruction. Over the 20th century, universities rapidly shifted towards research. As a result, they would receive substantial funding from the federal government for research purposes (Smart Paulsen, 2011, p. 241). During this period, the federal government undertook 95% of research funding in universities. However, this has changed during the 21st century. Currently, universities are facing increased competition for sponsored research grants from the federal government. This holds because of the new entrants into the sector. In an effort to achieve grants, the new entrants are promoting themselves as research institutes. This represents a new corporate model for higher institutions. According to Thelin (2011, p. 377), one of the main reasons why university admi nistrations are competing for grants is not to promote research but to create a new source of revenue to ensure that their institutions operate smoothly. As a result, most university faculties are mainly concerned with writing research grant proposals in an effort to increase the volume of their grants (Thelin, 2011, p. 379). Upon receiving the grants, most universities do not commit the funds to their intended function, research, but rather divert the grants to cater for other costs. For example, substantial proportion of the grants are used to reimburse the institution’s research foundations for their effort drafting the grant proposal, catering for indirect cost incurred, and for adhering to federal and institutional regulations (Thelin, 2011, p. 379). In addition, if the universities do not receive the research grants from the federal agencies, they usually draw from other budgetary lines from within the university in order to cover the cost incurred in preparing the gran t proposals. If this trend is not dealt with, there is a high probability that universities will not achieve their objective of developing a strong human capital. This arises from the fact that they will not be able to transform the university into research-based institutions. In awarding grants, the federal agencies evaluate the universities success with regard to peer review and assessing universities, which have showed successful record of accomplishment in the past. This presents a major challenge to new universities that apply for grants because it becomes extremely difficult to access the grants to recover their venture cost (Thelin, 2011, p. 379). Another reason why research in universities is being affected arises from the fact that most federal agencies are changing their priorities. During the 21st century, it has become extremely difficult for universities that had earlier received research grants to renew their contracts in the future. This means that there is a high pro bability of research in universities becoming dampened. From 2000 to 2010, there has been an increment in the degree of risk and expenses associated with research grants. This is because of increased innovativeness with regard to competition for grants. For example, in an effort to access grants, large scale projects such as the science-related ones are stressing on multi-disciplinary cooperation with other faculties such as bioengineering, biochemistry, neurosciences, and biogenetics amongst others. On the other hand, traditional departments such as botany, geology, and chemistry remain uncompetitive. The multidisciplinary cooperation leads to a rise in the universities administrative cost because they have to put in place new physical and administrative structures. The cost incurred is committed to the institutions recurrent administrative expenses (Thelin, 2011, p. 380). Studies conducted reveal that it will be relatively difficult for universities to sustain the cost arising fro m their increased proliferation of their research institutes and centers. The competition for research grants will have adverse impacts on the American higher education (Thelin, 2011, p. 380). Influences of past eras on present-day higher education Since its inception, the American higher education has been on growth. Past eras have had significant influences on higher education to date. This is evidenced by the fact that past eras developed a tradition of commitment towards higher education. As a result, there has been both qualitative and quantitative transformation with regard to the higher education. For example, most universities have improved their program offering. Additionally, the precedents that were set by traditional institutions have significantly transformed the higher education, for example, by ensuring that student enrollment is increased. Past eras also initiated transitions such as ensuring diversity within the learning institutions. The resultant effect is that hi gher education in America is characterized by a diverse student profile. Additionally, past eras have also ensured that universities become centers of excellence. One of the ways through which this has been achieved is by promoting research in universities. Conclusion and recommendation for change In conclusion, based on the detailed expositions made in the paper, it suffices to declare the American higher education as one that has encountered the inevitable change. The paper has sought to unravel the mystery behind the evident changes besides giving a detailed analysis of how the changes have influenced the entire American system since its inception. For example, the growth in the student profile means that universities will have to adjust their programs in order to cater for the students’ needs. Additionally, the decline and increased competition for grants means that universities have to cater for research cost from other avenues. Considering the challenges affecting highe r education, it is paramount for universities to ensure that they remain as institutions of excellence. There are a number of issues, which they should take into consideration. To ensure that initiatives developed result to the attainment of the intended goal, university policymakers should enhance their initiatives so that they can be well understood by all the parties. One of the ways through which this can be achieved is by organizing seminars. It is also important for policymakers to include community role models who are successful in their careers. This will aid in motivating students to excel in their faculties. To sustain such initiatives, it is paramount for universities to fund the role models. Universities should also ensure that they utilize research grants for the purpose they are intended. Additionally for research in universities to be successful, it is critical to include the concept of teamwork. The teams should be derived from different departments and disciplines. Reflective Journal From the coursework undertaken, the most engaging assignment was on the changes occurring within the American higher education specifically with regard to the trend in research. Currently, universities within the American higher education are experiencing a challenge in an effort of becoming centers of excellence. This is due to the financial constraints that institutions of higher learning are facing. The financial constraints arise from a decline in research grants from both the federal government and other agencies. The course has been very enlightening especially with regard to the growth of the American higher education. Additionally, I have also learnt that investing in research is vital for the success of higher education and hence the country’s economy. From the knowledge gained, I will be able to advocate for proper use of research grants in higher learning institutions. This will result to proper utilization of research grants by universities. Ref erence List Bennett, D., Lucchesi, A., Vedder, R. (2010). For-profit higher education: Growth  innovation and regulation. Washington: Center for College Affordability and Productivity. Frazier, C., Howard, R., Banks, B., Kellogg, J. (2009). Shifting students demographics  and their impact on a Midwestern higher education institutions’ transformation: Preparing for change. Minnesota: University of Minnesota. Shrestha, L., Heisler, E. (2011). The changing demographic profile of the United  States. New York: Congressional Research Service. Smart, J., Paulsen, M. (2011). Higher education: Handbook of theory and research.  Dordrecht: Springer Science. Thelin, J. (2011). A history of American higher education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

A Steady Rain Essay Example

A Steady Rain Essay Example A Steady Rain Essay A Steady Rain Essay It’s your typical bull film. findable on the local channels. Two police officers claim to utilize their power for the good of the people. but happen out how much easier it is to take affairs into their ain custodies. Although we all can acquire this on our telecasting for free. manager Tazewell Thompson takes Keith Huff’s A Steady Rain and turns it into something deserving paying for. or did he? The set is wholly simple ; as a affair of fact I must state it is really uncreative. There are two seats in the forepart and several are lined up in the back devising two individual rows. In the far back and sides of the phase. there are blinds with clefts in it as if people have been peeping through them. No art work. non even a java tabular array. merely chairs and blinds surrounded the phase. It took a piece but it hit me. it is an question room. Now. the lone thing I predict coming is be a waste of difficult earn money and angry people in the audience inquiring for a refund. But when the two histrions came out and started to speak to the audience as if we were a portion of the act. it startled me and caught my attending. I’m truly in for the dark of my life and if you were in my places. you’ll be to. This is decidedly non your typical drama ; trueness. friendly relationship. and lives are at interest. Huff wants us to understand that it does non count how long or how close you are with person because in a disconnected 2nd they can bewray you. This drama did non supply a ocular for less originative heads like myself. There was so much speaking. storytelling. and current conversations. that I found myself lost through a twosome of scenes such as the one where the random Vietnam male child shows up so gets eaten by some cannibalism. Good thing for Denny’s ( Aaron Roman Weiner ) aggressive voice which ever brought my attending back to the drama. What’s non to love about Denny? He is an alcoholic racialist Italian who takes the jurisprudence into his ain custodies go forthing his kindergarten best friend. Joey ( Kyle Fabel ) . to cover for him. Joey seems like the nice loyal wise cat who you would presume has his life together. but in all it is merely an image. Joey seemingly has to populate under Denny’s roof because he can non command his spirits cravings. Denny believes that Joey’s craving is the ground he has yet to hold the most valuable thing in life. a household. Because Denny already has what Joey wants. he uses it against him by invariably reminding him who has what and who demands who which leads Joey to secretly wants to populate the successful life of Denny. Denny’s coarse ways makes him look like he was the chief character and as if the universe evolve around him. He takes scriptural quotation marks and twists the words around to back up his loony and in his ain sentiment. logical thoughts. It’s every adult male for himself and f–k your neighbour as you expect your neighbour to f–k unto you ( Huff 48 ) . His harsh words are so dramatic that it leaves the audience in suspense softly waiting for his following action. While Denny seems to be the one in charge. Joey on the other manus. lurchs over a twosome of words. He tries to calculate out what would be the best way for him and Denny. He shows his trueness to his spouse in offense by ever lodging about and maintaining his oral cavity shut when it comes to the other constabulary officers. It is non ever easy for Joey to cover up for Denny who has a peculiar attitude. He says that he is a household adult male and household comes foremost. However. he goes around kiping with a cocotte. which in return creates conflict with the procurers. his occupation. and the safety of his household. Not even Saint Joey could salvage Denny from this state of affairs because now both of their occupations are at interest. Denny will shortly larn that all of his actions have effects in which he is nowhere nigh prepared for. Are all his prevarications and his treachery of the household he claims to protect worth it? Since Joey is populating in Denny’s shadow. he believes that he is the 1 who should be taking attention of the household. His trueness for Denny shortly dies when he finds the perfect chance to hold the household he’s been hankering for. Joey is now talking up for himself by stating Connie. Denny’s married woman. all of Denny’s soil. Joey even starts doing moves on his best friend’s. since kindergarten. married woman and is doing future programs with his new household. Denny was right. it is every adult male for themselves. In this drama. the two characters have their ain alone personalities. but as the drama progresses there is a batch of function and power shift that occurs during the showery scene. In Thomas Foster’s. Its More Than Just Rain or Snow. he shows the ground for why during the whole drama it is raining. Foster says that rain sets the tone and it could intend possible danger is on its manner or is already happening. Throughout the drama we can see devastation amongst friendly relationship and when the drama ends. the rain ends as if all the problem has been washed off. Foster says. So if you want a character to cleansed. symbolically. allow him walk through the rain to acquire somewhere ( Foster 77 ) . It is fascinated to see the turn within each character and to detect how each of them develops. By making this. Keith Huff displays trueness and friendly relationship. but slams you with treachery. Huff wants us to take a expression at the people who we are closest with because at any given minute they can and there is a great opportunity that they will bewray you. With all the struggles seen in the drama. merely one of the brothers will hold their happy stoping. It’s a shocking turn that I did non even see coming. It’s worth the money spent.

Critically assess Renaissance understandings of humankind Essay - 1

Critically assess Renaissance understandings of humankind - Essay Example The aspects of sharp senses, power of reason, and high level of intelligence, as presented under the Oration On the Dignity of Man also seen as the manifesto to the Renaissance, as the aspects that put mankind in a unique category from the rest of the creatures, owing the fact that these characteristics of mankind serves as the bridge between the lower cadre of life which consists of God’s creatures, and the higher cadre consisting of God and all that is in heaven (Mirandola, 1965 p3). Therefore, the concept of hierarchy existed before the middle Ages, according to Plotinus idea of The One the Demiurge, and the Material World, and thus the middle ages just created a more organized theory. However, the most important of all the factors that completely put mankind in a unique position, is the freedom of judgment that mankind was granted by the creator, so that he could be able to differentiate the good and the bad, and based on this judgment, he could then get an opportunity to ascend upwards, from the middle category where he was created to fit, to join the upper cadre of life (Mirandola, 1965 p5). Therefore, Renaissance of humankind is pitched on the concept of happiness, which is derived from freedom, where mankind was given that; â€Å"Liberty of God the father! O great and wonderful happiness of man! It is given to him to have that which he chooses and to be that which he wills† (Mirandola, 1965 p5). Nevertheless, while the concept of freedom and happiness informs Pico’s philosophy of the Renaissance understandings of humankind, there seems to be some form of contradiction in this philosophy. His philosophy points to the fact that man was created with absolute freedom to choose, so that he could become all that he wished to become and have everything that he chose to have. However, the philosophy is later contradicted by upholding the principle that God spoke to man after creation, and told him

Pier Paolo Pasolini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pier Paolo Pasolini - Essay Example Were it simply a question ÃŽ ¿f quantity, however, were Pasolini's art no more than the indulgence ÃŽ ¿f an unrepressed narcissist, there would be scant interest in a study ÃŽ ¿f this kind. Instead, his work offers an extraordinarily fertile and dense example ÃŽ ¿f how subjectivities are built on something other and something far more complex than merely saying 'I'. Indeed, one might say that his work offers an illustration ÃŽ ¿f the ultimate incompatibility ÃŽ ¿f saying 'I' and being 'I', in any cohesive sense these phrases might have (Benveniste, 1966, 259-60). For Pasolini does indeed, as Barberi Squarotti implies, constantly offer himself up for display in his work, but to such a degree ÃŽ ¿f intensity that conventional mediation 'is cast aside: he is personally, bodily present within language, as he explains in Petrolio, 'in queste pagine io mi sono rivolto al lettore direttamente [. . .] in carne e ossa'. In other words, he uses the textuality ÃŽ ¿f his work or the semiosis ÃŽ ¿f his multiform interventions in order to embody himself, to project himself into, rather than onto forms ÃŽ ¿f expression. The project is, ÃŽ ¿f course, deeply flawed and unrealizable, but also strangely utopian. It is an almost mystical aspiration to being-in-the text, to textual transubstantiation which can be related to his homosexuality. It represents a recourse to the essential signifier ÃŽ ¿f an 'authentic' body as a public locus ÃŽ ¿f discourse, in response to the exclusion from discourse and from normative sexual ideologies. But the recourse is a subversive and not a naturalizing one, since the irreducible aura f presence surrounding the body disavows coded norms (Dollimore, 1991). It radicalizes the relations between selfhood, signification and the real by projecting irreducible markers f the latter into the first two. It brings selfhood and form into uneasy synthesis, in a dynamic akin to that seen by De Lauretis, 1984, in Pasolini's essays in film semiology: a deployment and experience f forms f discourse as active and subjective

Identity Formation and the Bordelandsof Self Essay

Identity Formation and the Bordelandsof Self - Essay Example g thought-provoking complicated autobiographical work that has significantly led to the construction of Chicana and â€Å"mestiza† collective identity. The author narrates her experience of spiritual awakening and growth as well as her introduction to self knowledge. This experience is not for her consumption alone. The author also delineates the social implications of spirituality as a source of power for all Chicanas. Anzaldua’s concept of spirituality is central to â€Å"la mestiza’s† cultural experience defined by the borderlands. Let us now asses the relevance of the concept of â€Å"borderland†. Literally, the term refers to the borders between Mexico and the United States. The term â€Å"border† brings to mind the war between these tow countries which culminated in the annexation of Texas to the US in the 19the century. This annexation, ironically, has resulted in the Chicanos becoming second-class citizens in their own country. Gringos in the US Southwest consider the inhabitants of the borderlands – transgressors, aliens, whether they possess documents or not, whether they are Chicanos, Indians or Blacks. Do not enter; trespassers will be raped, maimed, strangled, gassed, shot. The only â€Å"legitimate† inhabitants are those in power, the whites and those who align themselves with whites. Consider the plight of Pedro, a Chicano in the following extract from Anzaldua’s text: â€Å"In the confusion, Pedro ran, terrified of being caught. He couldn’t speak English, couldn’t tell them he was fifth-generation American. Sin papeles – he did not carry his birth certificate to work in the fields La Migra took him away while we watched. Se lo llevaron. He tried to smile when he looked back at us, to raise his fist. But I saw the shame pushing his head down. I saw the terrible weight of shame hunch his shoulders.† The term â€Å"borderland† in Anzaldua’s work points to the strict boundaries that Western thought has laid down in the

Developmental Psychology Essay Example for Free

Developmental Psychology Essay Cognitive development involves developing concepts of thought, problem solving and memory (Green. 2002). Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) were both psychologists, which focused on cognitive development and the way in which childrens thought and reasoning developed as they matured. This assignment shall begin by describing and evaluating the theories put forward by Piaget and Vygotsky referring to research evidence and providing a conclusion. Piaget (1896-1980) was one of the most influential researchers in the area of developmental psychology during the 20th century and a as biologist was interested in the way in which organisms adapt to their environment this was described by Piaget as intelligence. He viewed behaviour or the adaptation to the environment as being controlled through mental organisations known as schemes that the individual uses in order to represent the world. Piaget suggested that adaptation is driven by a biological drive to obtain balance between schemes and the environment, which is known as equilibrium (Huitt. 2003). Within Piagets research and writings on cognitive development he suggested that childrens thoughts are not only less sophisticated than adults but they are also qualitatively different and this is due to less knowledge (Jarvis. 2000).   It was considered by Piaget that the interaction between the child and their environment was the main factor of influence on their cognitive development. Piagets view of children is that they are scientists and that they should be left to explore their surroundings giving them the opportunity to interpret the world in their own way. The active involvement in their own learning is described as a series of schemas and that these schemas would change and develop through each stage through the process of assimilation or accommodation (Green. 2002). Piagets theory is based on stages of development in which he believed that all children develop at the same age. There are four stages to his development theory, which are sensorimotor (0-2 years) and the view that infants are developing their first schemas (Meggitt. 2000). Object permanence is the main focus within this stage and the assumption by Piaget that children aged five or six months old could not understand that an object, which was covered, still exists.  An experiment showed that a child of five or six months showed no interest once the toy was covered whereas a ten month old would reach out for the toy and seem to become agitated. Piagets interpretation of this was that the child of ten months had reached object permanence and now has a schema for the object. In contrast to this Tom Bower and Jennifer Wishart (1972) argued that objects do still exist in babys minds although they have been covered. To support their theory an experiment was undertaken using an infrared camera. An object was offered to the baby and as they reached out to grab it the lights were switched off. The results showed that the baby was still attempting to reach for the toy although they were unable to see it and so an explanation for Piagets theory was that by covering the object the baby was distracted and not necessarily that they had forgotten about it. The second stage is pre-operational stage (2-7 years). Egocentric thinking predominates the child (Huitt. 2003) within this stage and they do not have the ability to understand things from another persons viewpoint according to Piaget. In order for this to be confirmed he set up an experiment. Three mountains were set in front of the child and a doll was placed in different seats around the table. Photographs, which had been taken, were then shown to the child and they were asked to point to the picture that the doll would see. As Piagets findings showed that most four or five year olds pointed to photographs which represented their view of the mountains he concluded that they were egocentric. Most children aged seven that was asked to do the same task correctly identified the photograph strengthening Piagets theory. Although it was then argued by Martin Hughes (1975) that the task was much too complicated for the child and therefore devised his own experiment, which would contradict Piagets findings. His experiment involved a model with two intersecting walls, two policeman figures and a figure of a boy. After having a trial using one police figure and the boy to ensure the child understood the task Hughes began his experiment. It was found that most children could successfully take account of two different viewpoints. Therefore it could be said that Piagets experiment may have been too difficult for the child to understand rather than the child being egocentric.

The Humor of Pride and Prejudice :: Pride Prejudice Essays

The Humor of Pride and Prejudice         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of all the novels that Jane Austen has written, critics consider Pride and Prejudice to be the most comical. Humor can be found everywhere in the book; in it's character descriptions, imagery, but mostly in it's conversations between characters.   Her novels were not only her way of entertaining people but it was also a way to express her opinions and views on what surrounded her and affected her.   Her novels were like editorials.  Ã‚   Austen uses a variety of comic techniques to express her own view on characters, both in her book and in her society that she lived in. We, the readers are often the object of her ridicule, and Austen makes the readers view themselves in a way which makes it easy for the reader to laugh at themselves. She introduces caricatures and character foils to further show how ridiculous a character may be. Pride and Prejudice has many character foils to exaggerate a characters faults or traits.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Austen also uses irony quite often to inform the readers on her own personal opinions. The comic techniques caricatures, irony, and satire, not only helped to provide humor for Austen's readers, but they also helped Austen to give her own personal opinion on public matters.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When an action is exaggerated on stage by an actor, it becomes all the more noticeable to the audience.   An author can exaggerate a character in order to make fun of them.   Austen exaggerates many of her characters and therefore makes caricatures of them in order to emphasize their ridiculousness. Mrs. Bennet is such a character.   Her extremely unpleasant manner and reactions causes readers to delight in the situations which Mrs. Bennet places herself into. Mrs. Bennet's harsh tongue and simple mind causes the reader to laugh, because it is so exaggerated that the reader thinks that such a person cannot exist.   Mr. Collins is another exaggerated character in the novel.   But would such characters seem humorous without somebody to react to them?   Not at all. Such exaggeration works only when you place them besides another character who seems very real.   Mrs.   Bennet is placed besides her husband to make her look all the more ridiculous and Mr.

Research resources Essay

There are many resources that a student of accounting can refer to enrich his accounting knowledge and arm him/her with useful and practical experience in the accounting field. These materials are available both online and offline both subscribed and unsubscribed. These are online and offline libraries. Questia, an online library of books and journal available at http://www. questia. com/index. jsp, is a site that provides an opportunity to access books, journal and materials for all subjects and topics ranging from arts to science, and from arts to law. These materials are available to an individual upon subscription. They are accessed through the keying of the title or the required article or any phrase in that text. Athens and Amazon. com are other resources that contains rich informative and educative materials. The amazon. com, the site that allows access to useful textbooks and journals is available online at http://www. amazon. com/books-used-books-textbook/b? ie=UTF88node=283155. It is an online company that sells books. Athens is also available online at http://www. athens. ac. uk. Accounting information will be accessed by keying in the relevant topics. The Google scholar too will provide easy access to accounting materials on any trouble-some topic. There are also many textbooks and journals available in the library. New Vistas in Accounting – Vol 1, 2003, a book authored by D. G Prasuna is a textbook that provides a general outline on the major concepts in accounting and their usefulness on understanding the accounting practices and activities. Accountants handbook, volume 1, financial accounting and general topics, 11th edition, edited by D. R. Carmidiael (2007) among other scholars is a conglomeration of witty and remarkable tips on the basics of accounting, the standards an regulations as well the basics of reporting statement. Specific Sources In this research discussion Scofield Barbara (1994) in his article published by the national public accountant, titled:Full Disclosure of Interest Capitalization Decisions, he provides useful insights on the GAAPS standards on interest capitalization, shedding the light on the confusions arising from the requirements in the standards, their appropriateness and their shortcoming. This information is available online at http://www. allbusiness. com/accounting/436577-1html. The IASC foundation education website available at http://www. lasb. org/NR/rdon/yres/189CA297-4D7Epdf has a summary of the IAS regulations. In this case they were specifically touching on borrowing costs then definition and what they generally encompass. www. arthurconsulting. com/financialspecial6. htm, website by the Arthur consulting, Inc on financial analysis, gives useful tips on accounting for the impairment of long lived assets. It gives circumstance and events that are indicators that an asset has impairment as well as the criterion for impairment recognition. An international accounting journal by authors; Street D. L, Nicholas N. B, Gray S. J, titled: Assessing the Acceptability of International Accounting Standards in the U. S. An Empirical Study of the Materiality of U. S GAAP Reconciliations by Non-US companies complying with IASC standards (2000), from this page 22-63 gives a summary of GAAP standards in comparison with other international standards on accounting. It provides information that can help understand accounting standards and practices better. Domestic Accounting Standards,Iinternational Accounting Standards and the Predictability of Earnings (2001), an accounting research journal by Ashbough, Hollis, Pinces and Morton (2001) examines the variations of the various international standards and the accuracy associated with reporting using each standard. Ann Tarca (2004), in the Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, article titled: International Convergence of Accounting Practices, Choosing between IAS and US GAAP. She samples different reporting by accountants using the different standards: GAPP and IAS and how specific firms prefer one standard over another. William Dorms (2003) in his book Finance and Accounting for Non Financial Managers. He provides all the basics you need to know. He provides an insightful outline of the basics in accounting in the different topics of intermediate accounting focusing especially on financial management and financial statement analysis. Essentials of Managerial Finance: Principle and Practice (1981). It is a large book of 807 pages authored by Steven E. Bolten and Robert Lawrence conn. It gives useful knowledge on the most troublesome on accounting. All the above source although not enough will arm a student with almost all information that he or she requires to gain basic knowledge on principles and practices of accounting. Recommendations A fresh student of intermediate accounting would need to take a glance at reading materials that provide information on the basics of accounting. This will arm him/her with information that will aid in understanding the basic concepts and accounting practices. These books and journals are available on the internet and in our library. Students will need to take detailed notes on these topics they find relevant to their studies. Having a look at the sample and published financial statements by the various firms and multinationals will give a practical hint on the application of this theoretical knowledge and affirm the need for accuracy and consistency in accounting. On specific cases for discussion, a student should ensure that they have conducted enough research for the specific topics. Keying in the title of these topics on the authoritative websites such as Google scholar and Questia will provide vital linkages to a wealth of sources and information. Many students at the introductory stage of accounting have come to me for assistance. I have assisted them by giving them the above information as well as demonstrating to them physically on how to search for information from our library as well as from the electronic journals and libraries. References Scofield Bartara, April 1st 1994. Full disclosure of interest capitalization decisions. The national public accountant. Pg. 1. Accessed on 21/08/07. Available online at http://www/allbusiness. com/accounting/436577. 1html IAS Borrowing Costs. Technical Summary. IASC foundation education. Accessed on 21/08/07. Available online at http://www. iasb. org. NR/rdonlyres/189CA297-4d7E-4826-80bc-3876874AS44/0/1as23pdf Financial analysis, 2002. Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets. Arthur consulting group, Inc. Accessed on 21/08/07. Available online at http://www. arthurconsulting. com/financialspecial6. htm Ash Baugh, Hollis, Pincees, Morton, Dec. 2001. Domestic accounting standards, international accounting standards, and the predictability of earnings. Journals of accounting research. Blackwell publishing. Financial accounting standards board. Accessed on 21/08/07. Available online at http://www. fash. org.