Religious Revelation in Carver’s Cathedral Essay -- Carver Cathedral E

At first glance, one might assume Raymond Carvers Cathedral illustrates the awakening of an dead and insulated husband to the world of a blind man. However, this literal awakening does not account for the fact that the husband awakens also to a world of religious insight, of which he has also been blind. The title and story structure are the first indicators of the importance of the religious thesis. It is also revealed when one examines the language and actions of the characters in the story. Finally, Carvers preliminary and subsequent writings give an overall background for the argument that Cathedral has a significant religious import. The structural and technical features of the story point towards a religious epiphany. The title of the story, as well as its eventual subject, that of cathedrals, points inevitably towards divinity. Upon first approaching the story, without reading the first word of the first paragraph, one is already forced into thinking about a religious image . In addition, four of the storys eleven pages (that amounts to one third of the tale) surround the subject of cathedrals. Adding to the pellucid structural references to cathedrals and religion, the language and character actions present further evidence of an epiphany of divine proportions. The television program which the characters watch together deals entirely with cathedrals. This spurs the first real colloquy between the narrator and the blind man. This presents religion as some form of common ground, on which one could stand, even without sight. When first asked by Robert, the blind man, if he was in any way religious, the narrator asserts that he is not, and goes on to explain how cathedrals and religion dont mean any... ... the eyes of a blind man, alone also to appreciate the world through the eyes of a man of God. Works Cited/Consulted Bethea, Arthur F. Carvers Wes Hardin From a Photograph and A Small uncorrupted Thing. The Explicator. Spring 1999. 176-178. Bethea, Arthur F. Carvers Will You Please Be Quiet, Please? The Explicator. Spring 1998 132-134. Carver, Raymond. Cathedral. The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York HarperCollins, 1991. 1052-1062. Nesset, Kirk. Insularity and Self-Enlargement in Raymond Carvers Cathedral. Essays in Literature. March 22, 1994 116. Stull Williams. Beyond Hopelessville Another Side of Raymond Carver. Philological Quarterly. 1985 1-15. Verley, Claudine. Narration and Interiority in Raymond Carvers Where Im Calling From. Journal of the concise Story in English 13. 1989 91-102.

Comparing Victor Frankenstein and the Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Similarities Between Victor and the Monster in Mary Shelleys FrankensteinIn Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein and the freak that he takes are very similar. For example, Victor creates the monster to be like himself. Another similarity is that the peevishness of both Victor and the monster is brought about by society. One more parallel between Victor and the monster is that they both became recluses. These traits that Victor and the monster possess give that they are very similar.One way that Victor and the monster are alike is that Victor creates the monster like himself. Victor does not plan to create the monster like himself, save the monster becomes very much like Victor. God, in pity, made man beautiful and alluring, after his own image but my form is a filthy type of yours, more horrid even from the very resemblance (93).The monster does not resemble Victor physically instead, they partake in the same personalities. For example, Victor and the monster are both loving beings. Both of them want to admirer others and want what is best for others. Victor and the monster try to help the people that surround them. Victor tries to console his family at their losses, and the monster assists the people living in the cottage by performing helpful tasks. However, Victor and the monster do not reflect loving people. The evil that evolves in Victors heart is also present in the monster.The evil that is present in Victor and the monster is another example of similarity between the characters. This evil in both characters is caused, although not directly with Victor, by society. The monster tries to be current by society. He shows kindness toward society and he tries to help people. However, he is immediately rejected by society because of his ugly physical appearance. The evil and the anger present in the monster comes when the monster presents himself as a friend to a family that he has secretly helped. Instead of accepting the mo nster as unmatchable of their own, the family immediately sees the ugly form of the monster and rejects him.There was none from the myriads of men who would pity or assist me and should I feel kindness towards my enemies? No from that upshot I declared ever-lasting war against the species, and, more than all, against him who had formed me, and sent me forth to this insupportable misery (97).

Essay --

The question todays society is facing is marijuana. Should marijuana remain illegal or become legalized in the United States of America. Marijuana is a dry shredded mix of flowers, stems, seeds and leaves of the hemp plant called Cannabis sativa. People usually smoke it as a cigargontte or in a pipe. Marijuana is the most commonly abused illegal drug in the United States. Abusing marijuana can cause problems with memory, learning, and social behavior. Although marijuana has negative align effects it also has medicinal properties that help aid people with needs. First there is some terminology you should know. Marijuana legalization is laws or policies that make the self-discipline and use of marijuana legal under state law. Marijuana decriminalization are laws or policies adopted in a number of state and topical anaesthetic jurisdictions which reduce the penalties for pigheadedness and use of small amounts of marijuana from criminal sanctions to fines or civil penalties. Medica l marijuana are state laws which allow an individual to assert him or herself against criminal charges of marijuana possession if the defendant can prove a medical need for marijuana under state law.There are 7 strains of marijuana dried flower kief hashish tincture hash oil infusion pipe resin. Dried flower generally refers to the dried flowers and leaves of the pistillate marijuana plant. This dried flower strain of marijuana is the most widely consumed form which contains 3%-22% THC. Cannabis varieties used to produce industrial hemp has little than 1% of THC. All other strains of marijuana come from this dried flower state. The second strain of marijuana is kief, which is a powder and can be sifted from leaves and flowers of the marijuana plant. This strain can then be comp... ...heir crop to protect the marijuana from wood Marijuana 5rats. Now this may not seem alike(p) it affects the environment because most people think of the air, carbon footprints, and emissions howeve r this could affect animals, which are indeed apart of the environment. Every organism on Earth plays an historic role in the ecosystem. In recent Alaska news petitioners are currently gathering signatures all over the state in order to reach the requirements to inform for the August 2014 primary election ballot that will make possession of marijuana level for adults and regulate its cultivation and sale in courtesy similar to alcohol. As of December 1, 2013 they have gathered a total of 40,886 gross signatures, which leaves them another 4,114 signatures left to reach the requirements to make initiative towards making the possession of marijuana on the ballot. (mpp.org)

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Plasmodium Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedic

Symptoms and Diagnosis of plasmodiumMalaria is a disorder caused by a protozoan parasite and transported by the Anopheles mosquito. feverishness is the most popular symptom of malaria. Other symptoms include arthralgia and vomiting. The most common diagnosis process for this disease is looking at the patients blood under a microscope. If microscopy is not available, antigen detection tests can be used.In a year, there can be as many as five hundred million new cases of malaria, and of those five hundred million, 2.7 million die. That means, on average, a malaria-caused death happens once every twelve seconds. Malaria threatens more than 40 percent of the worlds population. (NIDCD, 2002) So what exactly is malaria? What are its symptoms and how would someone diagnose this disease?Malaria is a disease cause by a protozoan parasite. There are four species of these one-celled organisms that cause malaria in humans. They are known as Plasmodium the most common is Plasmodium falcipar um. To get inside our system, Anopheles mosquitoes are needed to transport this killer parasite.Fig. 1 (NIDCD 2002)Symptoms occur about ten to sixteen days after the mosquito bite. (Malaria, 2002) Fever and classic flu symptoms begin. Symptoms sometimes follow a pattern of days where the attacks vanish and reoccur again. The period of time when the symptoms come and goes depends on the species of protozoa. For the parasites P. vivax and P. ovale, symptoms come and go for ii days, and P. malariae has a three day period. Shivering occurs as well as head and muscle aches. The person infected becomes lethargic. Arthralgia and vomiting are other common symptoms of malaria. Because the parasite is invading and killing red blood cells, malaria can res... ...Malaria.Retrieved July 26, 2006, from CDC Web site http//www.cdc.gov/malaria/faq.htmsymptoms(2005, November 11). Malaria. Retrieved July 26, 2006, fromMicrobiology Leicester Web sitehttp//www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/224/Malaria.html(2006) . Malaria. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from institute forOneWorld Health Web site http//www.oneworldhealth.org/diseases/malaria.php(2002, September). Malaria. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from USDepartment of Health and Human Services Web site http//www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/medlineplus/leavemedplus.pl?theORG=%4E%49%41%49%44&theURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eniaid%2Enih%2Egov%2Fpublications%2Fmalaria%2Fpdf%2Fmalaria%2Epdf(2002). NIDCD. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from FoolingAnopheles Scientists Aim to pass over Out Malaria by Outsmarting a Mosquitos Sense of Smell Web site http//www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/images/malaria.jpg

ATVs: A Mans World :: essays research papers fc

ATVs A Mans WorldPropaganda is everywhere. It is on the television, in the newspapers, magazines, and the internet. Everywhere you turn, its there. The bother with this is that people merely dismiss it as truth. When people see propaganda, they dont see propaganda they see a nice new sport-utility vehicle with a powerful engine and cool rims. When an advertisement uses propaganda, its over-looked and the reader is caught in the trap laid out for him. People see everything the designer of that particular advertisement wants them to see. The advertisements selected and interpreted for this assignment are tell towards males ages 18 to 27 in the United States. They use three different forms of propaganda to send the same message Buy this, its pleasure and your friends will be so jealous.The first advertisement, for the Arctic Cat 650, uses the glittering generalities technique to lure people into buying their product. It depicts a young man sit their product, a massive ATV, with a h elmet and ATV eyewear. He is covered in mud from head to toe and seems to carry this Im better than you are. persona. It seams to me that simply because he is riding this particular product, he feels as though he is better than any who is not riding the same ATV. The glittering generalities technique uses specific delivery to make us believe that their product is better for us or will make us happier than their competitors similar product. This advertisement uses many glittering language and phrases to make their product more appealing to those targeted. Some of these phrases include new and improved for 2005 and the amazing. These glittering generalizations could be said about any all-terrain vehicle. The problem with generalizations is that there is no hard evidence to back it up, they simply state what the designer wants them to state. However, the normal reader of this advertisement would never question the truth of the spoken communication stated therein. Other generalizatio ns in this advertisement include, the most powerful ATV on the market. How can they claim this without giving proof of their claim? Simple, they are utilize propaganda to stretch the truth.Another advertisement uses testimonials or endorsements to sell their product, the Kawasaki Brute Force. This ad shows their product ahead of the pack in an actual race. He is just track the finish line as the picture was taken.

ATVs: A Mans World :: essays research papers fc

ATVs A Mans WorldPropaganda is everywhere. It is on the television, in the newspapers, magazines, and the internet. Everywhere you turn, its there. The problem with this is that plenty merely dismiss it as truth. When people see propaganda, they dont see propaganda they see a nice new sport-utility vehicle with a powerful engine and cool rims. When an advertisement uses propaganda, its over-looked and the lector is caught in the trap laid out for him. People see everything the designer of that special advertisement wants them to see. The advertisements selected and interpreted for this assignment are directed towards males ages 18 to 27 in the United States. They use three different forms of propaganda to trust the same message Buy this, its fun and your friends will be so jealous.The first advertisement, for the Arctic Cat 650, uses the glint generalities technique to lure people into buying their product. It depicts a young man sit their product, a massive ATV, with a helmet and ATV eyewear. He is covered in mud from head to toe and seems to extract this Im better than you are. persona. It seams to me that simply because he is riding this particular product, he feels as though he is better than any who is not riding the same ATV. The glittering generalities technique uses specific words to make us believe that their product is better for us or will make us happier than their competitors similar product. This advertisement uses many glittering words and phrases to make their product more appealing to those targeted. Some of these phrases include new and improved for 2005 and the amazing. These glittering generalizations could be said about any all-terrain vehicle. The problem with generalizations is that there is no hard evidence to back it up, they simply state what the designer wants them to state. However, the normal reader of this advertisement would never question the truth of the words stated therein. Other generalizations in this advertisement i nclude, the most powerful ATV on the market. How can they hold this without giving proof of their claim? Simple, they are using propaganda to stretch the truth.Another advertisement uses testimonials or endorsements to sell their product, the Kawasaki Brute Force. This ad shows their product ahead of the wad in an actual race. He is just crossing the finish line as the picture was taken.

Sacred Spaced Ap Art History

Throughout history, monuments have been built to show power, wealth, and even conquest. Depending on a cultures value and tradition, the types of monuments cigarette vary from era to era. However, the construction of sacred monuments has predated from the times of the start of civilization in Mesopotamia to even modern day. People have always created buildings to show their faith, and to honor their matinee idols. In Ashokan India and ancient Greece, the creation of sacred spaces was very common. The creation of the Great Stupa in India and the Parthenon in Greece both were built for the honor and worship for the respective god and goddess for both nationIn India during the rule of the Buddhist ruler Ashoka, the Great Stupa of Sanchi was commissioned. The Great Stupa was considered to be one of the greatest monasteries patriotisms to Buddhism. Even though it can be dated patronize to Ashokas reign, its consists of many buildings and parts that was made everywheretime and well be yond the time period of Ashoka. The dome of the stupa is roughly fifty feet high and is filled with nation and rubble. The stupa would hold relics of the Buddha himself where the people of india would come to as a pilgrimage.The people of India would enter through the gateways of the stupa, walk down a path called the lower circumambulation, and climb up the stairs to the secon level to walk the second circumambulation of the stupa. Buddhist ventured the relics of Buddha through circumambulations, which was walking around the stupa in a clockwise manner, following the path of the sun and brining the truster into harmony with the universe. The Great Stupa itself had more than six hundred inscriptions showing the donations of hundreds of individuals that made the building of the stupa possible.Ancient Greece was also known for extravagant synagogues honoring their Gods. The Acropolis found in capital of Greece is another example of elevation in attempt to get closer to the divinity . The Parthenon was built for genus Athene, the citys patron goddess and also the goddess of War. The Greeks built this large tabernacle to thank Athena for the Salvation of Athens after their victory in the Persian War. Inside, there once stood a thirty-eight foot high statue of Athena with a winged Nike in her hand. On her sandal, there was a depiction of the centauromachy. On her shield were scenes of both the amazonomachy and he gigantomachy. All of these were battles the Gods fought in during the Persian War. The columns of the temple surrounded the statue in a symmetrical way that emphasized Athenas importance as the centerpiece. On the outside of the temple were about 90 different metopes depicting gods and goddesses and a 590 foot frieze on the inside. Greeks were proud of the Parthenon, not only because it was considered a piece of art, but because it was also significant of their victory over Persia. They worshipped to Athena all over the Acropolis and also sacrificed ani mals such as oxen, goats and sheep.Sometimes worship was held in the form of social festivities honoring Athena. Sacred sites were greatly influenced by the cultures of each era, and had a impact on the lives of the people. The Great Stupa, which was open to all of India, attracted many buddhists and was a center for prayer. In ancient Greece, the Parthenon was used to worship capital of Greece main deity, Athena, and served as a place of worship to other gods as well. It was placed on a higher surface to show its importance, and the Great Stupa etched inscriptions of the people who donated to the construction of the temple to show appreciation.

What Has Suddenly Made People Across the World Willing to Pay Three to Four Times More for a Cup of Coffee Than They Used to?

Topic Topic Question No. 3, McDonalds (from Week 12 case study Chinas Big Mac firing ) and its strategic appreciation using overdress analysis and its possible future developments -Introduction- This paper analyses possible development in McDonalds future based on the strategic appreciation using cram analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). Firstly, the paper briefly explains the outline of the case study. Secondly, it identifies the organisations current mission, objectives and strategies.Then the argument moves onto SWOT analysis. In this part, the paper analyses the environment in which McDonalds is given, and the opportunities and threats ar identified. The organisations resources be as well analysed and it identifies strengths and weaknesses. In next chapter of the paper, it conjectures possible future strategies conjecture within the organisation. Subsequently, the executing of strategies is discussed. Lastly, the evaluation of results carried out b y the organization concludes this paper.The case study entitled Chinas Big Mac Attack write by James L. Watson focuses on how McDonalds a leading American fasting- fodder franchise could accomplish to break down a barrier of easternern Asian dietary habits and expand its franchisee territories. According to the case study, McDonalds ought to be considered not only as an outstanding international mega-hamburger chain but also as a representative of the cultural message transmitted through Hollywood and other American culture.The author points out that even though McDonalds franchises extraneous the United States are mostly operated and managed by non-American franchisees, its distinguishing double arches of McDonalds forever and a day represent the United States of America as Stars and Stripes does. This fact shows both pros and cons, which are explained later on in this paper. In China, a rise of new middle classes and its single-child family policy accelerate the expansion of McDonalds chain, which is also caused by a rise in the occur of money and attention lavished on children.This enormous social and cultural change is certainly a reason why McDonalds managed to have become so prominent in China. This globalization (Westernization or in other words Americanization) has also caused new type of localization. Just as any other multinationals much(prenominal) as Nokia, Sony, General Motors and Starbucks, McDonalds is no longer American company but Chinese, German, Brazilian, Indian and Japanese company. The detail is explained afterwards. It also must be noticed that McDonalds has changed peoples behaviour in China e. g. lining up when they arrange or wait for meals.McDonalds stunning dodging is not only exclusive in its franchise but also its unique prudence system. Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois McDonalds world-wide management training center is designed exclusively to instruct personnel employed by McDonalds Corporation or employed by McDonalds main(a) Franchisees in the various aspects of the business. (www. mcdonalds. com) The author notices the importance of McDonalds in China as a public space where local students and elderly gather and socialize. McDonalds proudly shows its highly guaranteed food for thought quality management.This trust also helped McDonalds to become a dominant fast food chain in China. An untrue of brand depict and products is considered to be harmful and aging population due to single-child family policy may well require McDonalds to change its customer fall guy segment. Whats McDonalds current mission, objectives and strategies? Every organization holds its own mission, objectives and strategies so does McDonalds. McDonalds was firstly founded in Illinois, the United States, in order to provide low-cost meals to every(prenominal)one anywhere.As the company grows, the company has continuously developed its brand image and moved its customer target segment onto children. (http/ /www. mcspotlight. org/media/ public press/index_mcds. shtml) The child-friendly atmosphere and its family-oriented space provided by McDonalds has amazed substantial number of customers. McDonalds greedily sought after its market overseas. According to the case study, McDonalds today has more than 25000 outlets in 119 countries, and most of the corporations revenues now come from operations outside the United states, and a new restaurant opens somewhere in the world every 17 hours.Above all, it is most likely that McDonalds current objective is to acquire the market share and pursue further establishment and standardization of its fast(a) brand image. As strategies, recently McDonalds rapidly expands its market share in create countries as depicted in the case studies in China, Russia and East Europe and moreover India. It uses the image of a lighter side of American sub culture and represents a gate to the world for customers mainly in developing countries. As to be shown in its clean toilet policy, shops are kept clean and they create a good family-friendly atmosphere.On the top of it, its strict food guard guarantee system is one of the stunning strategies of MacDonalds. Macs child-friendly strategy is a key of its expansion strategy. American-style birthday parties, Ronald Room, toys and happy meals are cover examples of the strategy. Also localization policy must be noticed at this stage. James Cantalupo, the president of McDonalds Corporation, remarks that his strategy is to become as much a part of local culture as possible and protests when people call McDonalds a multinational or transnational. I like to call us multilocal, he told The Christian Science Monitor in 1991. The another eminent strategy introduced by McDonalds is self-service. Customers line up, self-seat and clean up by themselves. It facilitates customer rotation within shops and enables cost-saving shop keepings. SWOT analysis consists of an organisations strengths and weaknesses, and its environmental opportunities and threats. SWOT analysis is useful to identify a strategic niche that the organization might exploit. pic Identifying the organizations opportunitiesFirstly, the environment in which McDonalds is given varies from place to place. Analysing the environment is a critical component of the strategy process since successful companies have a strategy that aligns well with the environment. Wherever people dwell in the world, there is always a demand for fast food restaurant. McDonalds main consumer target, middle-classed family, is everywhere in any countries. Thinking of other competitors within the same market such as Hungry raise (Burger King), Jack in the Box and KFC, McDonalds focuses more on the children as a target rather than the other age groups.This can differentiate McDonalds from other fast food chains. The external environment seems to be best-suited to MacDonalds. (see opportunities in the environment in the above visit. ) Secondly, res ources that McDonalds acquires are well-known brand name, distinguishingly unique, safe and nutritious food, an abundant work force supply due to its relatively easy manual work, and its strong franchising management system. As stated above, McDonalds has achieved to build its knock-down(a) brand name over years and its trust, reputation and core customers are considered as precious assets of the company.The fact that anyone can open a new McDonalds anywhere using its strong brand name facilitates its fast branch. Its original franchise management theory is also one of the resources McDonalds owns. (see organisations resources/abilities in the above figure. ) According to the environment and resources noticed above, the organisations opportunities are determined. (see Organisations opportunities in the above figure. ) Positive American image is one of the positive external environmental factors.So is wide recognition of its brand image. But more importantly, an ease of access reas onable part-time workforce specializing manual work, the fact that it only needs limited ingredients available everywhere such as potato, chicken, etc should be remarked. Especially, in a developing country such as China, the radical social change can be an opportunity for McDonalds. As noticed above, single-child policy and a rise of middle classes and a prostration of outdated Confucian family system resulted from rapid expansion of McDonalds in China.On the contrary to this, there are some threats negative external environmental factors. Being a representative of American cultural imperialism can be harmful when a strong Anti-Americanism outbreaks outside the U. S.. MacDonalds in Mexico City, Rome, Macao, Rio de Janeiro, Prague, London, Jakarta and capital of Red China have been attacked and boycotted by protestors. Another environmental threat is its food safety. Mad Cow disease and Foot and Mouth disease caused a slaughter of thousands of blood line in Europe.The market has been immensely damaged including a supply chain of Macs ingredients. There is a big concern for franchisees of McDonalds in China i. e. rapid aging population caused by single-child family policy. This rapid environmental change may well finally force MacDonalds to switchover its targeted customers to elderly people. The piracy of McDonalds idea and strategies done by the competitors is also considered as a critical threat. Some fast food chains can be properly rivals for McDonalds if they tried to be more localized and lower the price.Strengths (activities the firm does well or resources it controls) of McDonalds are its promotion strategy mainly way on children, being capable to provide the same menus, tastes and design of shops all over the world, and its strict quality control not only over food quality but also over quality of shops. A huge customer capacity and its fast rotation generate a massive amount of sales in a short time. Talking about weaknesses of McDonalds, it is firstly pointed out that a typical image of McDonalds is junk food.It office that the food obtained at McDonalds is unhealthy, bad for diet, tasteless and low quality. As many can easily realize that McDonalds cannot compete with luxurious cuisine restaurants in terms of its variety, taste, quality, nutrition and luxurious image. Those who care for health and weight may try to avoid McDonalds due to its junk food preconception. SWOT analysis and grand strategies Valuable strengths Critical weaknesses Abundant environmentalcritical environmental opportunities threatsNow, based on the above-stated SWOT analysis, possible developments in the organisations future are outlined. According to the SWOT analysis, and other investigation into Macs activities, McDonalds is currently implementing Corporate Growth Strategies which is placed in the left above of the figure above. It is acquiring valuable strengths and abundant environmental opportunities. Since McDonalds market share is rapidly growing, McDonalds may well be taking corporate development strategies until it reaches a maturity stage or moves onto a decline stage.McDonalds is still one of the fastest growing companies and considered to be on a growth stage. The corporate strategies implemented by McDonalds are still active and it will most likely hold current strategies in the future. By implementation of its strategies, McDonalds will seek markets mainly in developing countries as its markets in developed countries are mostly saturated. Next possible destinations may acknowledge South-East Asia, Sub-continental region, South America and East Europe including Russia.It might firstly emphasis its American image initially then it will be eventually localized and integrated into each of the societies naturally as it is perfectly exemplified in China. -Conclusion- Consequently, the possible results, which McDonalds will show are evaluated. This Mac type globalization is not exclusive to fast food chain. It is a lso observed in other industries, for example, computer and communication industries. McDonalds is no longer small company, which is always influenced by the environment it is given but conversely, it can change and influence the environment itself.McDonalds will continue to expand itself until people start bonnie satiated with its tastes and image or a strong rival against McDonalds emerges. But McDonalds will probably change the strategies or its targeted customers in order to survive. Even if McDonalds starts declining, the strategies used by McDonalds will never be forgotten since they are one of the most prominent and effective management strategies ever to have been established. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOK Robbins, S. , Bergman, R. , Stagg, I. , Coulter, M. , 2000. MANAGEMENT 2ND EDITION.NSW Pearson Education Australia Pty Ltd. JORNAL Watson, J, W. , May-June 2000. Chinas Big Mack Attack Foreign Affairs. Pp. 120-134. WEB SITES http//www. mcdonalds. com/ http//www. media. mcdonalds. com /secured/index. html http//www. mcspotlight. org/media/press/index_mcds. shtml Corporate growth strategies McDonalds Corporate stability strategies Corporate stability strategies Corporate retrenchment strategies Firm Status Environmental Status

Human Resources Management in the Asia Pacific Essay

Nowadays chinaw atomic number 18 becomes one of the hottest market places all over the world. From the viewpoint of the investors, mainland China seems to be the most potential market with the huge market and attractive economic situation. The apparent result is the increase in number of immaterial investments arrange into China. Gentran Machinery (GM) is one of the foreign investors of China. It has a joint venture (JV) in Hangzhou. Although GM has been quite achievementful in its operations showing an average annual development of 12 percent in sales volume, net profits and its stock value during the past 20 years, it is noted that the joint venture in China is struggling along and is already way behind schedule. In order to address the possible problems in the JV and find solutions, some issues are to be discussed.Global assignment of managers has been a usanceal method of operating international companies. The importance of transferring knowledge, upskilling remote or local managers and instilling best pattern throughout a multinational disposal has long been recognized as a source of competitive advantage for those firms able to expand prosperously. The failure of rate of planetary assignments, and indeed international expansion, has throughout history been nothing less than fantastic. Although it is obvious that the conduct managers dont know the local labour markets and local raising clay, have the communication, refinement, and language problems, they are familiar with the corporate culture, have advanced management skills, and overly have stronger informal linkages with decision make forrs in the parent confederacy. many a(prenominal) companies send their home country employees to foreign subsidiaries (Hutchings 2002). In the GM case, it is indicated that thither isnt a modern management outline in the JV and the JV managers are at only the Chinese traditional stage of management development and they havent telling and efficacy manag ement knowledge and skills. As a result, it is impossible to reduce the number of expatriate managers. Contrarily, the number of expatriate managers should be increased, because they shadow input the modern concepts and skills of management, help to grade an effective and efficiency management system, and train the Chinese managers so that they are competent for their positions in JV.However, the selection of expatriate managers is important. According toHutchings (2002, p. 32), Maximising the carrying into action of expatriate managers idler be define as sending an employee to a host country operation capable of achieving the best results for the expatriate, the organisation and the host country in terms of adaptability and policy-making, business, culture and social sensitivity. To achieving such adaptability and sensitivity, the company should pay signifi sesst attention to careful selection of expatriate for the host culture in which they will be employed, and propose on- going support (Hutchings 2002). There are a number of factors which an organisation conveys to be taken into consideration to predict expatriate success. These factors include technical competence on the labor personality traits environment variables and family situations (Hutchings 2002).The expatriates should exhibit tolerance toward differences in race, creed, culture, customs and values. They should in any case have high motivations. An new(prenominal) criterion is that of behaviour, being defined as non-judgemental, showing tolerance for ambiguity and displays of respect (Hutchings 2002). Moreover, the expatriates spouse and family should be analysed. These include the spouses inability to adjust the employees inability to adjust the employees personal or emotional immaturity and other family problems (Hutchings 2002). Obviously, Richard Hamel (the breakler of JV), who is not the type of manager necessary to facilitate the success and changes requireed in the JV because h e is not aggressive, innovative, and creative, should certainly be replaced. However, because of the lacks of Chinese managers and the situations discussed above, Hamel should be replaced by another suitable expatriate manager.After successfully selecting the suitable expatriate manager, on-going support is important for them. In the GM case, it is noted that although the physical accommodations are acceptable, the expatriate managers suffer from extreme emotional pressure especially in the form of loneliness. These managers have only one emotional outlet work. They bottomnot speak Chinese and have no alternative forms of entertainment that involve interactions with people. Their life style can best be described as one of prison inmate. This situation indicates that the expatriate managers have not been supported well. The parent company should solve this problem. Firstly, effective culture programmes can help the expatriates adjust to living andworking conditions in the wise h ost country.Appropriate intercultural development and support can help expatriates cope with a workforce and management colleagues with drastically different cultural inclinations and reduce the stress of being alone in a foreign land. Such training should provide a clear picture of the challenges they are around to count, both in their professional and private life. The training should include ecumenic country information on the Chinese culture and tradition in written, verbal or audio / visual form as a facilitatory orientation for the beginning of living and working in the host country cross-cultural seminars where the trainees can apply and deepen their knowledge of the Chinese culture and genius Chinese language courses to introduce expatriates and their accompanying partners some primary language skills field trip to obtain the first impression of the country, working and living conditions meetings with experience expatriates who can give practical tips or useful sugge stions directly related to the job or private life in China.Secondly, medical and psychological help and counselling should be provided. Thirdly, the on-going support to spouse and the family is important. The importance of providing information housing, health, and schooling has been acknowledged (Hutchings 2002). Fourthly, a local contact person with western culture icon can help expatriates with their first orientation in the new living and working environment. Finally, the keen relationship between the expatriate and local employees can as well as help to improve the living condition.After successfully selecting and supporting the expatriate managers, another important issue for JV is change the traditional management system in JV and how to train the Chinese managers. Traditionally, for a long time the promotion system in Chinese state-owned enterprises has been based on seniority of workers and round rather than on performance. For example, a cadre can be promoted to senio r ranks but cannot be demoted regardless of his capability or performance. This has resulted in a phenomenon where in that respect are too many high-ranking officials with too few rank-and-file staff, and there is over-staffing with too few staff actually performing work (Chen 1989). Thus, a new incentive system based on performance should be established for the Chinese managers and works.The performance-related pay is the key component of the total rewards program and offersemployees the opportunity to circumstances in the success of the company which is a direct result of the collective performance of each of its employees. When excellent performance is acknowledged and rewarded, people are more than motivated and work smarter (Bartol, et al, 1998). Moreover, employees want to work in an environment that is productive, respectful, provides a feeling of inclusiveness, and offers friendly setting (Ramlall, 2004). The good relationships between managers and employees, as well as between employees provide the belongingness and love in the company.In addition, employees prefer to function in environments that provide a challenge, offer new learn opportunities, significantly contributes to the governances success, offers opportunities for advancement and personal development based on success and demonstrated interest in a particular area (Ramlall, 2004). The employees self-actualization need is fulfilled by open-door policies and lets try approaches. Competition should be encouraged. These approaches will largely motivate the employees. The managers of JV should also share as a good deal as information with employees, encourage autonomy and participation. Furthermore, to keep equity, the reward system should be managed by expatriate managers until the Chinese manager change their traditional attitude. Finally, the distribute system can be managed by all take aim of managers each level of managers should responsible for their subordinations.The performance based reward system should base on the responsibility system. It is obvious that the distribution of responsibility including management responsibility and employees responsibility in JV is not adequate. Company should specify all position, prescribes job expositions, procedures, routines, and rules. However, the description of procedures and routines is not detail. There are only some suggestions and references. Companys lets try and accepts failure approaches encourage employees to try any slipway to accomplish their job.Employees are largely motivated to look for the most suitable way to finish their works. The suggestions and references of the work procedures and routines protect the employees from excessive autonomy so that they would not fell lonely and without support (Bolman, &a Deal, 2003). The authorization system should be established. In this system, each level of managers has their corresponding authority and responsibility whichis clearly identified.The training of Chinese managers is also important. There are external training and internal training. In case of internal training, it should be decided what to teach and how to maximise the learning effect of the participants. The teaching programmes and materials should contain knowledge and skills necessary for effective management performance. Appropriate teaching methods (for example, practical or theoretical learning or the conspiracy of the two methods) in order to achieve the training goals should be chosen.Moreover, the trainees should be able to make use of the technical know-how or management skills after the training this can be reached through a job empowerment, a transfer to a corresponding workplace or a promotion. In these training, the Chinese managers should also learn the modern concepts of the management. The external training can include the MBA program, exchanging manager to international branch of company, etc. The main purpose of the training is to change the tradition man agement attitude and to learn modern management skills.In the GM case, the communication of directives, ideas, concepts, and action items, from the American management to the Chinese management and vice versa is a study problem within the JV. Misunderstanding and ineffectiveness of communication are caused usually by faults of both sides one side expressing its intention vaguely and the other side not listening very attentively. As the case studies show, expatriates may feel unsatisfied with refusal of responsibilities by local employees, while Chinese managers complain about the lack of trust of their foreign bosses.The problem is accentuated by language difficulties. The language issue is the most significant individual obstacle facing the partners in the JV. Although there are currently lead translators on the payroll, only one is really a capable translator. The language barrier can be overcome by replacing the unsuitable translators, increasing the number of translators. Also, the Chinese employees can be required to learn English. On the other hand, in the expatriate managers training which is introduced above, the Chinese language course is included to teach the basic language skills to the expatriates.In addition, the culture barrier is another important problem in JV. According to Hofstede (cited in Pan, & Zhang 2004, p. 83), culture is a kind of collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. It is obvious that the Chinese culture is different from the West Culture. Because it has been wide accepted that cultural difference greatly affects human thinking and behaviour, the significant differences between USA and China seem to affect some aspects of their management practice (Pan, & Zhang 2004). To overcome this barrier, one of possible solutions is to encourage a cultural adaptation or learning process which may increase the congruence between culturally different partners and ultimately im prove the effectiveness of international business relationship (Lin 2004). According to Gudykunst and Kim (cited in Lin 2004, p. 36), adaptation is a process wherein parts of a system move in a direction that increases the congruence or fit.In the cultural different environment, cultural adaptation occurs when individuals acquire an increasing level of fitness or compatibility in the new cultural environment. Cultural adaptation is expressed in different forms and at different levels. There are three levels of cultural adaptation including understanding, adjusting, and learning (Lin 2004). Cultural adaptation could involve many essentials including language (verbal and non-verbal), economics, religion, politics, social institutions, values, attitudes, manners, customs, material items, aesthetics and education. In juxtaposition, smooth transition and successful integration of managers going abroad on business would require the individuals cultural orientations to be determined. From an international business standpoint it is crucial for the long-term success of a company to establish and manage good relationships across cultures (Lin 2004).Another ways to overcome the communication barrier is relationship. The expatriate managers need to build good relationship with their Chine colleagues. Relationship, the term Guan xi is used in China, are very important in trounceting on in Chinese society. In China, four culture factors are grouped into relationship (or Guanxi) group orientation (the need to live in his/her community, all his/her identity was related to his/hergroup) Renqing (if you do me a privilege, it means I owe you something. I will pay back someday, as well as you are also expecting me to payback the favour one day.) Ganqing (friendship which implies an expectations and obligation of getting /granting favourable responses from/to ones friends) and Face (the concept of saving face or losing face indicating a persons social status. Having face means that one has good connection within the community, which makes everything done smoothly.But losing face means one get trouble or feels embarrassed in certain circumstance. (Luk et al. 1996) In China, Guanxi is crucial for employees to gain a sense of being together and a sense of communicating with on anther. Researchers also indicate that the job satisfaction and job involvement may well be related to the quality of ones Guanxi network (Hong, & Engestrom 2004). As a result, in Chinese JV, Guanxi is unavoidable. Actually, the Guanxi has positive and negative potential consequences (Hong, & Engestrom 2004). On the one hand, even if technocratic qualifications have become more necessary, but at the same time Guanxi is another major factor in determining who should be promoted.Workers and staff who have special Guan xi with the superiors in power, either through family connections or forming special clues, normally get promoted over others lacking the relationship (Nyaw 1995). On the o ther hand, Guanxi can enhance the trust between the managers and employees or within the group of employees. Chinese workers regard good Guanxi with them as one of the most important qualifications of being a good leader (Hong, & Engestrom 2004). This is not conflict with the modern management approaches. In the American-lead JV, the expatriate managers can enhance the trust with Chinese employees through developing the Guanxi with them so that the resistance of changes can be reduced and the performance can be more effective and efficiency. However, the weakness of Guanxi should be avoided by establish a completed set of rules and regulars.According to Bolman and Deal (2003), there are several methods to coordinate individuals and units through a variety of horizontal and vertical linkages. The vertical linkages including authority, rules and policies, and planning and control system enable higher levels coordinate and control the work of subordinates. Firstly, the authority is the most basic and ubiquitous way of integration. Secondly, it is noted that the rules, policies, standards, andstandard procedure limit discretion and help ensure predictability and uniformity (Bolman, & Deal. 2003). The company should allow all employees to discuss the rules and standards and encourages them to make suggestions. Through discussion, the rules and standards become clearer for employees and prevent the lack of creativity. The clear and suitable rules and standards are the base for successful planning and control. There are two major approaches to control and planning including performance control and action planning (Mintzberg, as cited in Bolman, & Deal, 2003).The performance-related pay bases on the performance control. Because the rules and standards are clear and suitable, the target are measurable, the performance control measures and motivates. The forms of vertical coordination are typically more formalized. But it is not always effective. Lateral techniques such as formal and informal meetings, task forces, arrange roles, and network are more flexible and may be used to fill the void (Bolman, & Deal, 2003). Formal meetings are undertaken regularly.Moreover, the task forces or project teams can be always assembled in JV to coordinate development of new products or services. The organizational intranet should also be developed in the JV. The network enhances the decentralization and democracy in the company because the bias of organizational intranet toward decentralization, teaming, and cross-functional, and cross geographical work makes it well attuned to complexity and change (Steward, as cited in Bolman, & Deal, 2003). But the networks are difficult to control. It becomes a challenge for managers.As a conclusion, there are many aspects that affect the way international business is conducted. Differences in social, culture, economic, legal and political conditions can greatly affect the way globalised businesses are managed. Doing busine ss abroad presents enormous challenges simply because countries and societies are so incredibly different. There is a need to appreciate not only that these differences exist, but also to appreciate how these differences impact doing business abroad. Doing business abroad requires flexibility to conform to the value systems and norms of that country. Adaptation can embrace all aspects of an international businesss operations in a foreign country, from the way deals are negotiated, to the appropriate incentive pay systems, to the organization structure, productnames, and relations between management and labour. What works in one country most likely will not work in another.It is also noted that clearly maximising the cultural adaptability skills of expatriates and the avoidance of expatriate failure in host country subsidiaries is of major concern to organisations. Maximising the cross-culture performance of expatriate managers in JV must be an integral element of the strategic human resource management planning of organisations in the 21st century as the pace of globalisation necessitates that an increasing number of organisations must think globally and ensure that their expatriates are prepared and supported to do the same. (Hutchings 2002)

HR Management-Compensation Essay

The dedicated importance deliberaten to stipend anxiety by HR managers for ciphering and selecting intellectual capitals of the placement, yields higher prospective benefits of captivating grave workforce. So, same is the situation confronted with this particular given case, in which human resource manager is required to hire Shannon Albright, who is having strong educational, professional and experienced background in finance department.In order to hire her as a financial accountant, manager has prepared a descent proposal in regard of compensation software program by considering internal and external equities, which are matched accordingly with organizations requirement and resources. Compensation Management Employees are no longer delimited with the concept of labor who works only for stipend. Now, they are considered as the intellectual capital of the organization. The more(prenominal), organization is go forthing to invest for the work done by its employees, the mor e it earns the profit.It does require well management of compensating employees against their services, abilities, skills, etc. endered to the organization through salary packages, incentive plans, and other benefits. In order to compensate the employees, organization generally follows a philosophy. This compensation philosophy not only deals with the single factor of just pay only. But in fact it defines the fixed pay of an employee which is in consistency with the labor securities industry, it defines the variable pay which depends on the employee performance and other overall benefits, which include medical care, life and accident insurance, and retirement pay plan that the employee give get after recruitment in the organization.The organization whose compensation management is fine tuned with respect to companys budget, internal and external equities of base pay structure are well balanced can have a competitive edge over its competitors in the grocery store because it resul ts in low employee disorder ratio and the human resource of the organization willing work with boosted motivation of being secured in their current position. It in addition helps to grab efficient workforce from the market who are considered as good market player.Hence, if the given case is concerned, the HR manager needs to hire an employee named as Shannon Albright as a financial accountant for its organization, for whom he thinks as a best choice for this position. So, before recruiting her, he has to plan a descent salary package, incentive plan and other benefits that will be offered to her in order to make her accept this proposal.Compensation PackageThe compensation package for her would be in accordance with the salary survey research of Boston, MA. Hence according to the salary survey research, the financial accountant is getting base pay of $79,090, $5,140 as bonus and $12,021 other benefits, that makes the overall compensation package of $96,251 one- yearly on averag e (Salary expert, website). Based on this salary data, the HR manager has to offer some winive offer so that Shannons demands regarding her compensation package are fulfilled.Hence, considering the external equity, manager needs to ponder on the internal equity as well because if it is not concerned it will misdirect the other employees of the organization if the pertly employee is getting more than its jobs worth as per the organization and it can effect negatively on the new employee when he/she is getting less as per pay structure of the organization which is paying more to other employee but paying less to newer ones.If this case is taken under consideration, than for Shannon, HR manager should offer her little bit more than the average salary of the Bostons business market, and that is about $100,000 total annual salary, which consist of $75,000 as base salary, $12,000 as performance based incentive bonus and $13,000 as overall benefits given to her by the company. The tota l salary is also in accordance with companys budget because of their growing business operations, an efficient financial accountant was necessary to induct.Due to the absence of this post in the organization, there were many delays in their operations with respect to finance, which were resulting in considerable loss to organization on behalf of finance department therefore, this loss will be covered by recruiting her into the organization. As far as internal equity is concerned, organizations most of the salary packages are in accordance with market salary packages. Hence, in this way Shannons salary is in accordance with external as well as internal equity.Incentive PlanWhen the organization targets for specific position and post and there is less number of specialists for that position than organization needs to develop an incentive plan which helps to retain existing employees, and attract new employees to the organization. The incentive plan is generally developed to recruit su ch employees whose supply is less but demand is more and it also helps to boost the morale of existing employee to perform better because incentives are directly proportional to the performance appraisal of the employees.In this case, HR manager has to develop an incentive plan to recruit Shannon into the organization. The incentive plan consists of incentive options. Although, more than above average of the bonus salary is sanctioned to Shannon according to salary data, therefore theses options will make her contact that bonus. These options include sign on bonus, project based incentive, compensatory leave, and annual leave (HRM manual, 2000). Sign on bonus consists of $5000 written agreement between organization and Shannon, that by accepting this offer, organization will give her this much amount at the end of the year of her joining.Later on, this payment will be included in project based incentive, which will be given to her on completion of successful project at the end of fiscal year, but for the first year of her joining that amount is not more than $7000. Similarly, she will be given compensatory leaves for doing extra work and that leaves will be given to her whenever she desires. In a year, she will be having one month leaves and that will be her annual leave incentive option. Benefits PlanAs per existing policy of the company she will be offered other benefits as well which are mainly focused on health and welfare of an employee. The specific portion of the total salary consists of benefits plan, which is aligned to give above mentioned benefits to her. The welfare and health benefit plan include retirement plan, saving plan, medical insurance, dental insurance, etc. (ConocoPhillips, website). A specific portion of bills will be allocated to above mentioned benefits plan. This is the investment that will be done by the company itself for Shannon.Conclusion In a gist, an efficient compensation management by HR manager produces a unique competiti ve advantage over its competitors because if organization is not doing well on its part with respect to increase of its human resource, it wont be able to collect good intellectuals in its organization. An organization with strong and efficient workforce can achieve odd goals even with limited resources and capabilities. In this regard, the management must accelerate their generosity in giving good compensation packages.

Career Goals and Learning Plan Paper

Career Goals and Learning Plan Paper I am a score student at the University of Pheonix pursuing a Masters Degree in Psychology. I have selected this particular field of study because I intend to buzz off a Forensic Psychologist. Forensic Psychology involves applying psychology to the filed of criminal investigation and the law. I have an undergraduate degree from North Carolina State University and my major was governmental Science and Philosophy. I worked as a Legal Assistant in a Law Firm for 8 years and obtained my Paralegal Certificate from Blackstone University in Dallas, Texas.I have spent many long hours in courtrooms and develop it fascinating. I have care in the criminal mind, as well as the rehabilitation of criminals. What is Forensic Psychology Forensic Psychologists examine methods, theories and processes within the criminal, legal and civil justice systems, and also look at and apply psychological scheme to a crime or criminal investigation as well as look at crim inal behavior. They look at the psychological problems associated with that and sporty treatment of criminals including rehabilitation.Specifically they look at the assessment and treatment of offenders. One particular area that interests me focuses around risk assessment with offenders and making decisions as to whether or not they are suitable for re-integration. Career Goals My goals are ambitious, and study at the University of Pheonix go forth propel me towards achieving them. Goal setting is an important part of the career mean process. At this point I will start with dedicating myself to doing well in my current classes.Procrastination is a problem for me and I have to deal with it. I have a full time job and a two year old baby so it is important for me to use my time wisely. I plan to spend 1 11/2 hours per day reading and being active in the discussion portion of my class. Get Time On Your Side by Jennifer Nichols was helpful to me. Several points which I intend to fol low implicate writing stuff down, tuning out distractions, talking to my professor, and making approximate use of my daytime hours. Nichols) Dr. Ferrari, Professor of Psychology at DePaul University bespeaks that academic procrastinators tend to lack self-confidencelie low during group assignments. (Hoover 2) I was delighted to find that he even has an online discussion group which centers on chronic procrastination Furthermore, I must deal with stress in an effectual manner. Being a graduate student will demand a commitment, but out of the stress-filled times I am hoping will come tremendous personal growth.I alleviate my stress with exercise and try to get at least 30 minutes of strenuous workout per day. The degree that I am working on will help me to achieve my goals. First, the counselor that I am working with has been extraordinary and is available to me close hours during the day. He has directed me to becoming acclimated to the online instruction system. Second, my ad visor has put together my schedule which consists of 39 credits and all classes that will be informative and beneficial to becoming a Forensic Psychologist.occupational Outlook Handbook According to the Bureau and Labor and Statistics Occupational Handbook, Forensic Psychologists use psychological principles in the legal and criminal justice fields. Significant points include 34% of psychologists are self-employed, mainly as private practitioners and independent consultants. Furthermore job opportunities should be the best for those with a doctoral degree in a subfield such as healththose with a bachelors degree will have limited prospects. This information did not surprise me.It is a genuinely a very competitive field which sort of excites me. A positive point is that employment is expected to grow 12% from 2008 to 2018 because of increased demand for psychological services in schools, hospitals, social service agencies, mental health centers, substance abuse treatment clinics, consulting firms and private companies. I have a second interest with respect to my future career path and that would be to work in a substance abuse treatment center. Since I have not canvas many psychology classes I am going to wait to make my decision.Multiple Pathways to Learning Test I completed the Multiple Pathways to Learning establish in Chapter 2 of Keys for College Studying. The canvas aims to help me to identify a cultivation style so that I may choose study strategies and pursue learning goals. The assessment helps determine the levels to which ones eight intelligences are developed. (Center, Bishops, Kravitz) Howard Gardner is the one who developed the test and he believes that the way you learn is a unique blend of intelligences resulting from your distinctive abilities, challenges, experiences and training. (Center, Bishops, Kravitz) The results indicate that I have highly developed verbal-linguistic, musical, interpersonal, and logical-mathematical intelligence. In sum I communicate well, have music sensitivity, communicate with others well and understand logical reasoning. This indicates to me that I will work well in groups, and maybe would do well studying with music. I especially like Classical music. The nature Spectrum Assessment Personality assessments help you to understand how you respond to the world around you which includes information, thoughts, feelings, people, and events.The Personality Spectrum Assessment adapts and simplifies this material into four personality types Thinker, Organizer, Giver and Adventurer and was developed by Joyce Bishop. (Keys for College Studying). The results of my test indicate that I am inclined to be a ,Giver. Giver traits include honesty, authenticity, successful close relationships, and others, but more important I am inclined to so well if I study with others, teach material to others, seek out tasks, groups, and subjects that involve helping people and put energy into my most important rela tionships.I find the handbook to be very informative. I will follow advice from the author(s) with respect to playing to my strengths. Even though I will be studying and reading alone in my classes at the University, we will have Learning Teams which will work nicely with my Giver personality. I am very eager to begin Psychology Courses at the University of Pheonix. I am going to have to be focused and dedicated to my studies and schoolwork. In the long dismission I hope that this determination will give me the ability to find a position or career and work environment that suits me.

Implications and Benefits Essay

one(a) of the biggest ch allenges facing small and medium-sized institutions today is the coordination of operate on among the workers and managers. Many companies excite been successful in gathering or statistically evaluating data, nevertheless find it hard to convert the findings into positive results. Studies have shown that with globalization, many companies have had problems in motivating or working with cultural and other culturally diametric employees. Many judicatures have valued diversity to enhance organizational effectiveness and fuck offth, while others still languish from hostile and unhealthy practices.As a habitual rule, organizations must address the importance of employee participation programs and group based pay incentives. These measures have met with success, and so too have profit and gain sharing programs. high- practiseance and High-involvement are two personal line of credit terms related to employees and production. In order to attain perfection , employee performance is mandatory, and the familys management needed to develop a strong belief and determination among the leadership and worker-class, to accelerate progressive changes and create a difference.Only those with exceptional influence tail end change the way an organization runs. Management must consider the criticality of a visible and active role taken by them to integrate policies of diversity and inclusion into every grammatical construction of an organizations operation and culture. Culture affects every employee of the organization, whether it is a man or woman. Its imperative that any policy decision reach all concerned in the organization every individual of the organization must feel a part of the scheme of things, for the wel furthere of the organization.A healthy work environment goes a long way in instigating quality work. At the workplace, it is imperative for the management to introduce an increased and effective mode of cooperation between the worke rs and managers. One way of looking at it is by creating better leadership styles and flexible work/career patterns. There are many number of business tactics, that sewer be employed to bring ab divulge operational changes to manage talent most effectively. Some tactics, most noticeable among them are Identifying role models and establishing mentoring programs Eliminating all bias-based company policies and procedures Providing equal opportunities, training and development for all Conducting workshops for employees to impress upon them the importance of diversity and inclusiveness to increase performance and production Though the above initiatives may sound simple, at that place is more(prenominal) to it, than meets the eye. The exercise needs the whole-souled support and sustained effort by all employees to make it a success (David Pappie, p. 103, 2006). 1. 1 Thesis question There have been many studies undertaken to understand the importance of cultural diversity and its acceptance in the process of organizational growth and productivity.In most cases, studies carried out have been successful in identifying the areas which have led to organizational breakdowns and slow progress. Many of these theories have been put to test with varying results. What is it that determines cultural unity, and how can this arrogate to an organizations progress? This paper tries within the limits of its structure to elicit the importance of cultural unity, by taking into consideration, the most important factor the workforce, to locoweed and underline how organizations counter cultural and other variants to become successful.2. 0 Executive Summary Performance is the cornerstone to success and productivity. Performance comes about through the wholehearted and sincere effort of employees of an organization. This is possible only if the employees are kept happy and cared for. Strategies that favor employee retention, elicit competitive bonus schemes, and creates healthy work environment are pre-requisites for employee performance, culminating in higher production. A companys best asset is its race, so there is a good reason why the company needs to do what is right for them.A point of contention to performance and productivity is the way one works the ability to work remotely, where enterprise convergence gains momentum. This can come about only if the peck concerned in the program are well trained to perform under least supervision and motivated. For business bosses and their employees, a converged environment makes work location and distance irrelevant. The impetus to work for the benefit of the organization must come from within the individuals concerned. Just as a students finds his/her studies important and strive for excellence, employees must find the inclination to work from within their heart.This can come about with the sustained effort of the management to bring changes that exhort the workplace (Tanuja Randery, p. 107, 2006). Globali zation has opened up new vistas for entrepreneurs and other organizations to forge partnerships in third countries and enjoy governmental subsidies and tax benefits, apart from cheap sedulousness and raw materials. When people with cultural difference enter employment in many western countries, the U. S included, they find the work ethics and style contrary from their own. This could have serious repercussion on co-workers and the organization as a whole.Production could get affected, quality gradually begins to deteriorate, and the organization machinery could go haywire. People from ethnic back background signal find it hard to communicate or follow their organizational strategies or goals and are forced to defend for themselves. Just as in a foreign collaboration or merger where the foreign participant has to adjust to their surroundings and local policies and rules, workers who travel abroad and take up employment in organizations there, have to make the adjustments to fit int o their roles to be of asset to that organization.Since the organization stands to gain through good HR policies, it is imperative that the organization welcomes these workers with a helping turn over and guard against discrimination or inequality. 3. 0 Literature Review In order to understand the importance of cultural unity among a workforce, one could by chance study how organizations counter cultural and other variants to become successful. During a merger, or an association, many organizations worked diligently to assimilate the various synergistic features right from assets and equipment to technology and strategies, discounting the complexness of variant cultures.They barge into an alliance and without a thought obliterate the long-standing traditions, practices and policies of the merged company, to meld it into a faceless subsidiary. Even in case of an equal alliance, the combine entity loses the erstwhile individualistic charm and appeal as they overlook the people fact or. Corroborating this theory is a recent Making Mergers Work study by the lodge for Human Resource Management, wherein HR professionals listed incompatible cultures as the biggest obstacle to success in mergers and acquisitions.They emphasized that these companies failed to recognize the importance of cultural issues. This caused the merger to lose ground due to the negligence of culture conflict. So, what makes a partnership tick successfully? Its the people and its culture. The recipe for getting a successful merger take away the ground is shifting the spotlight from deal-making to merging-of-cultures. In fact, culture has been attributed to being one of the most important factors in building relationships. How do cultural variations integrate? any organization has its own unique way of doing things, be it management, employment, or compensation to investment. When two firms seek to merge, customary differences are more than likely to crop up. Structured-entrepreneurial, proact ive-reactive, centralised-decentralised, formal-informal or extravagant- economicalal, each firm has its own firm belief in what is right and whats wrong. This is where cultural differences emerge. Management has always devised a set of ethics on which the company and its employees perform this is organizational culture (The Hindu, 2007).Culture change management is a tough volley and can be successful only when employees charge to it. However, predisposed workers lose motivation and experience job insecurity. So, leaders should use persuasion, not coercion, to mobilize the apprehensive culturally different workforce. Culture within an organization is equally important in the context of organizational success. Culture is built over years of practice and cannot be changed overnight. The culture that one wraps around people can not alter them as individuals, but will definitely influence their behavior.HRM needs to address the concerns of these workers. HRM policies should support em ployee grievance and at the same age be pro-employer. Using various HR techniques, HRM should be able to bring these workers to understand the importance of any new development that the organization initiates, and that with the growth of the organization, they grow too. Cultural changes are imperative in this world of globalization. Global competition means performing to global standards. This can be achieved only if the workers the backbone of an industry, makes a strong effort to absorb these changes.This can be done by proper management of human resource management. HR must play the diametric role of educator where cultural differences occur among the workforce (Neville Lake, 2002). 3. 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cultural Diversity While there are many advantages in embracing the estimable minority in an organization, there are some disadvantages as well. Many organizations embrace a continued commitment to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while im proving the quality of life of the workforce and their families, as well as the local community and society at large, says Holme and Watts (2000, p.4) . Many organizations have targeted their HR policies to involve all employees equally, irrespective of their culture or gender. This helps those inclined to be different to be a part of the organizational strategy and brought into the mainstream to perform as one. With proper training and development, these individuals can become equally effective in their duties and contribute to the growth of their organization. These culturally different workers may need more time to understand their work and find it hard to communicate with their colleagues or superiors to work in unison.This can upset the tempo of production. However, with some support and motivation, these people should be able to learn their responsibilities in no time. What is important is the support and encouragement to perform. It has been found that while white Americans h ave little or no issues at a relatively middle-age, ethnic people have a large family to support and look after. This means that while the demands of the white Americans are far less, ethnic people find that they have more responsibilities and demands to be met.This is carried to their workplace, where they find that they have to balance their time at work and also at home, creating push to perform. Many organizations have responded to these issues or trends with sympathy and found their performance giving competitive advantages over other organizations. Leading academicians, researchers, and businessmen, according to Cox and Blake (1991), found that a well managed, diverse workforce held potential competitive advantages for their organizations .

Dealing With Physical Abuse

The Struggle Physical Abuse Brings People all slightly the world have suffered from being abused verbally and physically, causing a struggle because they dont know how to handle these types of situations. In the short business relationship Runaways by Karen Brennan, the main character Lou is physically abused by her husband, which leads Lou to run away, causing chores between friends and family. What are you with verboten loved ones? When you rattling care about psyche you will give an arm and a leg for him or her however once they cross a line they shouldnt, it feels like the world is supposed to end.In Lous situation this is exactly what happened to her. She gave her entire life to her husband and her children. Unfortunately her husband didnt care about her feelings and cared more about what he wanted than what would concur her apt. Physical abuse in a relationship is a key factor of failing marriages. Lack of communication can lead to physical abuse. end-to-end the time t hat Lou and her husband have been married, they have been through a lot. One thing that might have started all their arguing besides his drinking problem may be that they have difficulty talking to each other(Brennan,501).Lou states, My husband didnt always beat me. In the beginning he was tho irresponsible. I could live with that. He drank too much and in the worst times he drove too fast with the babies in the car(Brennan,501). Lous husband beats her so often, she is afraid to go to sleep. When her husband was drunk he became a whole different person, he was a soldieryiac when he was drunk(Brennan,501). Its unfair the advantage that men have(Brennan,501) because woman should be able to stand up for themselves without worrying about what the guys reaction will be.Lou is a woman who will put others before herself. She is a mother of four children and wants e reallyone happy. For instance, a lot of mothers first reaction to their children crying is to beat them and tell them to br eak-dance whining. Lou has been beaten by someone she truly loves so why would she want to beat four people she loves unconditionally, her children. Lou states, I am not one of those mothers who turns rough in the car and swats the kids on the legs and tells them to shut up. I have never believed in that. When they whined, I told stories.I told them about a family who sailed away in an orange inflate(Brennan,501). Lou had hit her breaking point and had to runaway from her problems. But is running away the answer? Often people who are physically abused turn just about and abuse others. For Lou, it was a different story. She was not a young adult who abused her children because her husband abused her. Many people take their anger out on others because it is a way to figure out themselves feel better. Lou possibly could have felt pressure to raise her four children with her husband being involved.Lou was strong plenty and didnt stay in an abusive relationship just for the children because she knew leaving was the scoop up decision for her at the time. Through all the ups and downs Lou went through with her husband in the end she felt like she was left with nothing. a woman without a husband is like an ocean without a sea(Brennan,500). Its hard being happy if you dont have the people you cherish most in your life around you. A person can struggle with a fate of emotions and if you dont have the support of people that care about you, the situation gets a lot harder.When you are surrounded with people that want the best for you, then you will get though your struggles with someone by your side, not alone. I personally know someone who went through something very similar from what Lou went through. My full cousin-german-german who is now 25 years old has been dealing with family problems ever since she was about 10 years old. I have heard all these stories about my cousin and her family from my parents. I was always curious and wanted to know what was happeni ng but it was not my place to ask questions because it might be a sensitive topic for her.Her father was a heavy drinker which caused him to be very angry not only friend friends but especially with his family. My cousin Kelley was the youngest of the two kids. She has an fourth-year sister who was 4 years older than she is. Night afterwards night her father kept drinking excessively. The family knew what was coming along with his drinking, his anger. One night it got really bad, he yelled at Kelley for the littlest things, things that were not even a big deal. One time, she didnt wash her plate after dinner because she was too timeworn and wanted to go to bed.He became highly upset and rushed into her bedroom, slapped her, and told her to get up and clean her plate. Each day he got worse and worse. After a checkmate years went by Kelley, her mom, and he sister could no longer handle him and his drinking problem. They moved out when he was at work so he could not say anything a bout it. The girls moved far away and did not tell anyone where they were going because they did not want their father to find out. They knew he would make a big deal about it. Three girls living on their own trying to survive must have been hard.Having a main man in their life was their leading factor to surviving. Without her dad paying for everything and supplying for the family, its difficult for the girls. Somehow her father found out where they were and made them pay off back. They decided to give their father one more chance, thinking that things would be different but they only got worse. He thought they would leave him again so he tried to be more protective which only caused his anger to be worse than it already was. As Kelley matured throughout the years she agnise she no longer wanted to have her dad in her life at all so she lost all contact with him.She got her own apartment and did almost all her daily actives on her own. After everything that happened with her dad , she didnt want to depend on anyone else but herself. This made it difficult for Kelley to keep close friendships with her girlfriends because after her father, she thought that everyone she truly cared about would let her down like he did. Kelleys fear of having to abandon ones she love caused her to have little friends. She was afraid to believe anyone at all because she believed that friendships and relationships dont last forever.Later when Kelley became a young adult she realized that she could not go on any longer not having her father in her life and having little friends that she can count on. Being on your own is tough. So Kelley allowed her father to re enter her life but not fully be involved 100%. She realized although she had been through a lot over the years, having her dad around again was exactly what she indispensable to be happy again. As the years go on, you find out who you need in your life and who you would be okay without. I thought that Lou and my cousin K elleys story were similar due to running away from their problems.Although Lou was physically abused and Kelley was verbally abused their problems with the men in their lives bring their two stories together. not having a close relationship with someone who means the world to you has to be really hard. Especially for Kelley, being so young and thinking you dad would be someone you would look up to as the years went on. Her father ended up being someone she never thought he would be, which had to of been beyond upsetting. As for Lou, the man who has been the love of her life for years now and has children who look up to him is not the type of father they though he was going to be.Its hard set all your effort into someone and believing they are going to give their best to you and then be let down. Being let down is very hurtful and can cause someone a lot of pain, for instance Lou and Kelley. Although Lou and Kelley did not end with the comparable feelings at the end of both of thei r stories they still dealt with the same process. Work Cited Alvarado, Beth, Barbara Cully, and Michael Robinson. Runaways. Writing as Revision. Boston, MA. Pearson Custom Pub. , 2003. 499-509. Print.

Reading Music Essay

Of all the stuffs that people ordinarily deal with ease, enunciateing rag music is just one of the downfall points. They think that the scarper is non as easy as ABC. Technically, considering weather poll music effectively may certainly be impossible if one wants to learn fast. The course usually takes a lot of time and patience in the beginning everything is grasped and practiced. This is probably the reason a lot of music enthusiasts out there seldom know how to read woodworking plane music. Undeniably, playing music is not impossible even if the person is unable to read yellow journalism music. The thought is just similar to those who atomic number 18 able to speak, yet unable to write.But learning how to read sheet music go forth allow someone to explore and discover various music theories that are strange to others who just know the basics of music. On top of that, once techniques in reading sheet music are deeply understood, one is no longer limited to play songs th at he/she encountered. The course will lead someone to play all types of music, even the foreign ones. Learning to read sheet music is a little complicated (Lux, n. d. ). Thus, we should take it one step at a time. The adjacent are the ways to read sheet music effective and efficiently.The first lesson in reading sheet music is the study of the staff (Evans, n. d. ). It has five lines and four spaces wherein each consorts to a single note. The space seen each above or beneath a certain line represents a note both below or above the scale. The contiguous step a neophyte must learn is to identify the clef and its individual form (Evans, n. d. ). A clef is the first music symbol written over a staff. The clef plays a grapheme that helps indentify which line or space in the staff represents a certain note. A chef is categorized into twofold and bass clef.Each has distinctive characteristics. The former is known as a G-clef, a symbol that is use in writing music for melodic voic es like soprano, alto, tenor, and the like. The latter, on the other hand, is known as F-clef, a symbol that is used for low-pitched instruments like bass, bassoons, and among others. Determining the key signature is the subsequent step in reading sheet music (Evands, n. d. ). The term, key signature, refers to a group of symbols that are placed directly to the discipline portion of the clef before a note is written. much(prenominal) symbol could be a flat or a sharp.If the sheet music does not contain so m both symbols, its key signature is considered rude(a) which means it is neither sharp nor flat. Aside from the determination of key signature, it is important to observe the time signature. Such is usually located in the right portion of a key signature. It consists of two numbers that emerge similarly to a fraction. These are top number and button numbers. When the preceding steps are followed well, the next step is to play the notes in relation to its time signature. Since, you are already aware of the lines or spaces that correspond to a note, you may now read the piece from left to right.It has to be remembered though that the symbols will either stand for notes or rests. The latter means silence. In other words, rests do not assign any pitch for they are placed in always the same position over staff. Types of notes and rests are unit of measurement rest, whole note, half rest, half note, quarter rest, quarter note, and a lot more. It is important to know and get a line each type. The last important step in learning how to read sheet music is to find out how notes are played together vis-a-vis the sheet music. There may be some loopholes that will come out while playing, but a constant practice makes it perfect.Learning how to read sheet music is not simply memorizing it. One must understand its basic concepts well enough, see the patterns and concur them. Banking the concepts is something that everyone must do. Without it, real music will not c ome out. Work Cited Evans, Ashtyn. How to Read Sheet Music. n. d. How To Do Things. 12 April 2009 http//www. howtodothings. com/hobbies/a2683-how-to-read-sheet-music. html Lux, Kevin. Introduction to Reading Music. n. d. DataDragon Information Services. 12 April 2009 http//datadragon. com/education/reading/

Evaluate the claim that personal identity is self- defined Essay

Your individuation operator element is what makes you who you ar and what makes you unique as an individual and different from other people. Identi holds are not static simply dynamic and constantly changing. A own(prenominal) individuality is made up of some(prenominal) different aspects, and can be defined by culture (nationality, religion and gender) as well as family and career. Your identity is defined by how you observe yourself and overly by how you are foregathern by others. It is part presumptuousness and part interpreted and also can be something we are born with. In some instances an identity may be something you are given and may not be by means of choice. I am going to look at what makes a personal identity and is it self-defined and made without the assistance of anyone else. I am also going to compare the opinion of the theorists Erik Erikson and Sigmund Freud and I will be using the boldness findings of the interrogation project into becoming a nonplus for the for the first time time and more than importantly the case of Silma and her experiences, this was a research programme which included detailed interviews as well as observational research.There are numerous ways in which our Identity can change, for pattern our bodies change and how we look alters as we pee older but our appearance and our bodies can also be changed by choice for example tomentum colour, cosmetic surgery etc. (chapter 4, Exploring complaisant Lives) Our identities also change through practices and when there is an upset to our customary routines and we need to establish new ones or suss out new skills, this also has an impact on our identity. This is the case when practices turn into routines and we no longer need to think about doing them as they become second nature. eventually we also experience consanguinity changes where our views on who we think we are is influenced by the opinions of other people and how they see us. We become who we are a nd modify ourselves through the way others treat us and respond to us. This is witnessed when a cleaning woman becomes a fetch, she may be treated differently by her parents as a result of go to parenthood herself.This was the claim for theorist Erik Erikson who studied that our identity changes are influenced by past experiences, the moment-by-moment activities and relationships we have daily. This is spanned oer a lifetime and although can happen at any time, Erikson defined 8 stages in which identity is transformed in unique ways, as transition was not a smooth process, these stages he called identity crises. These stages were seen as times when conflict was introduced, conflict is contending with happenings in everyday life that stops life runway as smoothly as before. Conflict is being faced with choices, feeling confused and although he uses the example of passing from adolescence into adulthood it could also mean becoming middle aged, old or moving into parenthood. (chapt er 4, Exploring Social Lives) Everyone experiences conflicts and in turn experiencing conflicts make us who we are and give us an identityOne way our identity can change is through identification, which is what it is called when we try on someone elses persona. We try on other peoples identity and see life through their eyes and empathise with how they mat at a certain time, for example when you become a mother you can empathise and extrapolate how other mothers feel. This was the case with Liyanna, she used to look at pictures of her mother with her infant and the mother daughter relationship meant nothing to her, however forthwith she is a mother herself she looks at the photo differently and can station with the love and the emotion her mother was feeling when the photo was taken. She says that presently she looks at the photo and she k right aways exactly what her tacit was feeling, she sees her mother in a new light and because of her own experiences can now perpetrate herself in her mothers shoes. She is now identifying with her mother.The theorist Billig looks at identification and associates it with sort outs of people and how they are attached by the common quality or interest that they share. Sigmund Freud also claims that identification is the expression of an emotional tie with another person, an identity can be borrowed from someone else. The theory suggests that there are two kinds of identification, expulsion which is the message we give off and introjection which is the messages we take in. Both are done unintentionally and unconsciously to generate ones identity. (chapter 4, Exploring Social Lives).All these theories can be backed up by the case study realized on first time mothers and in particular Silmas case. Silmas identity begins to change with practices, she has had to learn a whole new routine which will need to adapt as her baby grows. She also has a new relationship to establish as mother and daughter with her new baby, t he relationship with her maintain and family will also change. Silma has also to deal with the conflict of becoming a new mother, this conflict betwixt being the indulged eldest daughter to motherhood and also between pleasing yourself and having to put your baby first are all aspects of defining her new identity.Silma is also seen differently not precisely by her neighbours but also by her family and in particular her aunts and her sister. Silma feels she is treated with more respect by her aunts and is now welcomed into their group as a mother. This is a generational shift for Silma and where she once thought of her aunts as boring who only talked about babies she now finds this interesting and likes to stay around them and can unquestion fitly relate to them and now sees herself more like them.Silma also starts to behave differently and sees herself differently because people are treating her differently. Silma admits that she has left her wild days behind and become more m ature and motherly and spends more time with her family. This has also had an effect on her choice of clothes and prior to becoming a mother Silma preferred to wear jeans but now she is a mother her choice of clothing is now the traditional salwaar kameez, she refers to these clothes as normal and now feels less comfortable in jeans. Silma received several gifts of salwaar kameez for her birthday after becoming a mother which may have encouraged her decision.Silmas new identity has also caused conflict with her sister who now sees her as becoming like her aunts and gives Silma a hard time for being boring and because she prefers the aunts company. Silma has also taken on the identity as a mother and this is implemented in her concern for her younger sister and the way she behaves, she worries that by staying out late she may get hurt but in actual fact this was the same way Silma used to behave priorto becoming a mother. Silmas sister makes reference to the fact that Silma used to b e worse than me but Silma puts this down to her having changed. Silma talks about skirmish up with old friends at McDonalds and although we cannot assume that she would wear the salwaar kameez this is a clear distinction of how Silma has changed and her new identity as a mother is the dominant one.We have looked at various theories on what makes up personal identity and it is clear that self- definition on its own is not sufficient. Personal identity is made up through interacting with others and through projection and introjection, its a two way thing people see you differently so you behave differently. When we use identification it can only be done through another person to allow you to identify, this is not self-defined as you need another person to be able to do it. You need to put yourself in someone elses shoes and yourself definition shifts when you look at someone else. Also some identities are already defined by others and you are moved into this sociable category without choice, as was the case for Silma when she became a mother, this identity is social and it is defined by how a mother should behave. If we require others to create our identity then our personal identity cannot be self-defined.

Wounds, Meds and Complex Care in Nursing Practice

1. The preoperative break inlist on what postulates to be through with(predicate) to take c atomic number 18 of a forbearing can be found on the unhurrieds chart, usually under the doctors orders and/or the patients notes. 2. The National Institute for clinical Excellence recommends that blood interrogatorys should be taken prior to having a surgery regardless of patients healthy condition, unless contraindicated. This is done to provide information ab come out conditions that could affect the treatment that a patient would need (Lab Tests Online, 2004).Blood tests to be included in this routine preoperative testing are a adequate blood count, blood clotting tests, blood typing, blood gasses, blood glucose, and a sickle cell test (Lab Tests Online, 2004). A full blood count will measure haemoglobin and the number of other types of cells in the blood (Lab Tests Online, 2004). Blood typing is for blood transfusion, in case needed. Blood clotting test to envision if blood clots normally and how long it takes to clot (Lab Tests Online, 2004). Blood gasses, measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as its acidity, and blood glucose to check for diabetes.Sickle cell testing if the patient has risk factors. 3. The registered oblige is responsible for reporting any discrepancies in the lab results of the patient to the doc in charge. 4. Preoperative precept should include orienting the patient with the surgery that she is going to go through. Ask what she understood from the physician and coif her questions for further clarification. laterwards, explain the patient what to expect during her recovery period, and what are her surgical exercises.Also, enlighten the patient on the risks of post-op recovery like pulmonary embolus, DVT and UTI, and the possible ways on how to avoid these, through deep subsisting exercises and corrosion of anti-embolic stockings (University of South Australia, 2000). Finally, inform her of what other cognitive processs are to be done after the surgery, for example, utilization of catheters and IV therapy. 5. A preoperative shower employs the use of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate polyester cloth in scrubbing the patients body as a preventive preparation aimed at reducing the patients skin colonisation before the incision is made (Bjerke, 2001). . The anaesthesiologist is the one to administer the anesthesia. 7. A general anaesthesia will snitch Mary unaware of what is happening during the operation, it will make her not feel anything, it will even cat her to sleep (Rashiq, 2007). Penthidine is the analgesic of choice postoperative to not feel bruise (JBC Handbook, 1997).8. An epidural anaesthesia is called an epidural block and requires the injection of anaesthetics in the epidural membrane that surrounds the spinal cord (Sarafino, 2006). Epidural blocks are close to commonly administered during labour and delivery (American Pregnancy Association, 2007). . Marking the legs p reoperative is done traditionally by estimating the redact of the hip joint by palpation of the greater trochanter (The, 2006). 10. Epidural infection, strikingness damage, backache, headache and urinary belongings (Faure, 2000). 11. a. Ensure patients tag is the same with her chart. b. make sure patient is not wearing any metals, jewelleries, etc. c. ensure is certain about undergoing the operation d. ensure that patient has gone through all the necessary diagnostic tests e. ensure that patient is still on NPO. 12. The patients chart, diagnostic test results, patients consent.13. Vital sign assessment has to be done every 15 minutes for the first hour and special attention will be brought to the patients respiration, repayable to the anaesthesia, and circulation and sensation of the extremities especially in the affected areas. Output is likewise monitored. Patient still on NPO until anaesthesia wears off totally. 14. No, this is a common postoperative effect. Continue monito ring sidetrack. 15. Decrease in water system fruit is common postoperative due to opioid drugs, immobility, and decreased oral inlet (Merck, 2005). The physician may order Credes manoeuvre to be implemented and Betanechol can be administered (Merck, 2005). 6. Neurovascular checks are important to go over if there was nerve damage or internal bleeding and a circulation problem, or even infection, which could have been caused by the surgery. The neurovascular check is comprised of the five Ps, namely pain, paralysis, paraesthesia, pulses, and pallor (Judge, 2007). Check for these in the patients limbs. 17. Loss of wheel around pulses might mean lack of arterial flow (Judge, 2007). This should be reported immediately to the registered nurse or the physician, whoever is readily available.18. Any deviation from the normal baseline data regarding neurovascular checks should be reported immediately to the physician to avoid amputation of the affected extremity. 19. Log roll patient w ith abductor hip in place. To prepare the patient, she should be placed on one side of the bed, and rolled like a log to the unaffected side of the hip replacement. 20. A postoperative wash will make the patient feel comfortable and refreshed, also it will minimize infection. 21. Her pain might increase or decrease and this can signal a change in the source of pain. Also, the narcotics infusion rate can be changed if pain is lessened. 2. Two or more nurses to ensure that the correct rate is delivered. 23. As a student nurse, I cannot change infusion rates for narcotic pain relievers because I do not have the permission yet that will make me accountable for any unpleasant consequence that might arise from the situation. rase under the watchful eye of my instructor, I cannot do it. 24. Narcotics have to be watched for their side effects, especially respiratory depression. Observations that can be noted when a patient is with a narcotics infusion include clients respiratory rate, as tonishment and drowsiness (BP Cancer Agency, 2008).5. Heparin injections are administered as a prophylaxis for blood clots (Science News, 1988). 26. Bleeding can be a complication of heparin use because it prevents clotting. Be wary of the following signs black, tarry stools and bleeding from gums when brushwood or flossing teeth, continued redness or pain after an injection, nosebleeds, red urine, unusual bruising coughing up blood (Drug Information Online, 2008). 27. Positive nitrate may indicate bacterial contamination, and traces of protein and blood are not alarming (Eccles Health Sciences Library, 2008).28. Yes. This is because catheter removal will help in eradicating any possible bacterial contamination. 29. A urine model should be sent for a culture and sensitivity test to determine what bacteria is infecting the patients urinary tract. Sample should be sent to the laboratory immediately. 30. The needed equipment shall be gathered. After washing ones hands and explaining to the patient what procedure is to be done and what the precept behind it is, the waste pipe tubing directly below the aspiration port will be clamped with a rubber band or clamp (Integrated Publishing, 2007).This is to ensure that an adequate amount of urine for a specimen can be taken. A syringe will be used to aspirate the urine specimen. After gathering enough urine, the clamp shall be removed. 31. Inserting an indwelling catheter requires that the equipment needed be gathered first. Then the procedure is to be explained to the patient. She should be placed in a dorsal recumbent position. Using the sterile technique, the patient should be draped with sterile dressings. Sterile gloves will then be worn.Catheter tip is to be lubricated and placed on the sterile catheter tray. The labia are to be separated with the thumb and forefinger and a rescind of a mop up with sterile povidone-iodine shall be done from the meatus toward the rectum. This shall be done thrice discarding ea ch swab after one swipe. Catheter is to be inserted two to three inches into the urethra, and an additional inch once there is urine flowing. Balloon will be inflated once it is inside the bladder. Traction is gently applied to the catheter and drainage is taped to Marys thigh. (Kaplan, 2007)32. To remove an indwelling catheter, a small syringe is attached to the puffiness port on the side of the catheter and all the fluid is drawn out (Moore et al, 2007). Afterwards, slowly pull the catheter out (Moore et al, 2007). 33. Patients are on set monitoring of fluid balance because they are receiving fluids through their IV therapies and postoperative patients are still weaning off from their anaesthesia, making urine retention a side effect. A positive fluid balance occurs when intake is greater than output, and a negative fluid balance happens when intake is lesser than output.34. Fluid overload can bring about fluid and electrolyte imbalance, dysrhythmia, high blood pressure, non-pitt ing oedema, diarrhoea, missile vomiting, among many others (Williams, 2008). Osmotic diuretics can be administered per doctors orders, patient should be on strict I&O, IV fluids should be checked hourly, fluids should be restricted (Williams, 2008). 35. The medications should also be reflected on the output of Mary if it is working. 36. total intake 500ml IVF + 2160 ml tea and Milo + 360ml water = 3020 total output 1400ml urination + bowel The patient is in a positive balance.