Social Media In Marketing Communication

tender Media In selling CommunicationThe technologies and tools people phthisis to distribute online be referred to collectively as kindly media (Scott, 2010 ). affectionate media is not understood in terms of the dissimilar technologies and tools but, rather how those technologies and tools entirelyow you to communicate straightaway with people or intended recipient. The term complaisant media represents media that exploiters buns easily participate in, contribute to (Karjaluota, 2008), communicate with and congregate to own fun with promoters and friendship (Scott, 2010 ). companionable Media is an emerging phenomenon of recent ages. favorable media is a aggroup of untested kinds of online media embodied participation, openness, conversation, connection and touchedness as unique characteristics (Mayfield, 2008). Boyd (2008) refers complaisant media is an umbrella term that refers to the knack of tools, services, and applications that al modest people to inte ract with others victimisation mesh topology technologies. Social media encompasses groupw ar, online communities, peer -to-peer and media-sh atomic number 18-out technologies, and networked gaming.Mayfield (2008) explain affable media is all around being human same(p) sh ar ideas, cooperating and collaborating to create art, thinking and commerce, vigorous debate and discourse, purpose people who might be good friends, allies and lovers, which our species has built since several(prenominal) civilisation. He further adds fond media is becoming touristy so accelerateily, not beca give its great shiny, speedy new technology, but beca enforce it lets us be ourselves. People can find learning, inspiration, communities and collaborators faster than ever before. New ideas, services, business models and technologies emerge and evolve at fast speed in complaisant media. jibe to Scott (2010) neighborly media .provides the way people collapse out ideas, content, thoughts and relationships online. Social Media differ from so-called importantstream media in that any oneness and only(a) can create, comment on, and add to affable media content. Social media can return key the form of text, audio, video, images, and communities (Scott, 2010 , p. 38).Social media is in any case known as user generated media (Mangold Faulds, 2009). utilisationr creates a network among friends, families, celebrities, and those who sh ar super acid characteristics etcetera that has built strong user base among different favorable media forms. It is becoming customary day by day due to its unique characteristics such(prenominal) as genialising, participating, freedom of expression, engaging, interactivity and easily r to each oneable at fraction of cost. The main important features of social media is to keep in touch with friend, communicate with friend and sh be memories of good and bad experience through notes, post, blogs, video sharing and photo sharing etc. So cial media is sometimes referred to as social softw ar or social computing or computer-intercede conversation (Boyd, 2008). In next section, social medias characteristic is explained.Characteristic of Social MediaThe power of social media is rooted in its superpower to connect people across time and space. The way these tools are used converts plethora of practices, including communication, collaboration, nurture dissemination, and social organisation (Benkler, 2006 Cas proves, 1996 Rheingold, 2002). Social media has affected how people interact with one another and, thus, it has the potential to alter how society is organised though they are simply the messengers, social media tools are revered for their potential to connect people( (Shriky, 2008 Tapscott Williams, 2006 Weinberger, 2008).Social media provides power to communicate one to literally hundreds or thousands of other people quickly and with relatively little effort. Participation and making connections are habitual characteristics among social media platforms. Part of this is informed by the opinion of a flat community, in which all parties engage in open dialogue. Influence and credibility are prized in this arena, as the users reputation can a great deal be a key motivator for one to remain active in the dialogue (Karjaluota, 2008).Some of the common characteristics of Social Media identified by Mayfield (2008) areParticipation, social media encourages contributions and feedback from everyone who is interested. It blurs the line between media and audience.Openness, virtually social media services are open to feedback and participation. They encourage voting, comments and the sharing information. There are rarely any barriers to accessing and making use of content-password -protected content is frowned on.Conversation, whereas traditionalistic media is about shell out and in contrast social media is better seen as a two -way conversation.Community, social media allows communities to for m quickly and communicate effectively. Communities share common interests, such as a love of photography, a political fill in or a favourite TV show.Connectedness, most kinds of social media thrive on their connectedness, making use of links to other sites, resources and people.Common Forms of Social MediaThere are various tools and format are in practice in the forms of social media. The commonly used or basic forms of social media (Karjaluota, 2008 Mayfield, 2008 Scott, 2010 Mangold Faulds, 2009) areSocial Networking Sites (SNS) are virtual communities that allow users to build in-person profile, connect with friends, and cultivate a community of friends and to share information, content and communication. Some appeal to broad groups (i.e. Facebook) whereas others are built around particular niches and demographics (i.e. LinkedIn). The common SNS are Facebook, MySpace, Bebo, LinkedIn, Faceparty etc.Blogs are personal web sites written by somebody who is passionate about a topi c, which provide a means to share that passion with the world and to foster an active community of pointers who provide comments on the feature posts. Perhaps it is the outstrip known form of social media, blogs are online journals, with entries appearance with most recent first. Blogs are vary widely in nature, but tend to be general as they often provide an unvarnished, insider location on a particular topic. For example, user sponsored blogs (unofficial Apple Weblog, Cnet.com) and companionship -sponsored websites/blogs (Apple.com, PGs Vocalpoint).Content Communities are sites that allow users to post and share content. Such communities exist around anything from videos and photos to stories and links. Some of these sites admit voting functions that allow the community to determine the relevance of content. Sites like YouTube, Flicker, Vimeo and Jamendo.com greatly simplify the process of sharing and commenting on Photos, Videos and Music. Other examples are content sharin g combined with assistance Piczo.com and general intellectual piazza sharing sites Creative Commons.Forums are areas in which multiple users can create topics and then comment on these topics. They are commonly used as resources for those interested in particular topic. It is a place for online discussion, often around specific topics and interests. Forums came about before term social media and are a powerful piece of online communities. It is also known as chat rooms and message boards, with the main feature being that anyone can start a discussion thread.Wikis are community -generated documents and databases. These websites allow people to add content to or edit the information on them, acting as a communal document or database. The best -known wiki is Wikipedia, the online encyclopaedia which has over 2 one thousand million English languages articles.Virtual Worlds represent one of the most story areas on the web, in which users can engage in immersive worlds. Some of these spaces closely mirror real-world notions such as community and economics. Second Life is an example of virtual worlds.Micro blogging are social networking combined with bite-sized blogging, where depressed measures of content updates are distributed online and through the mobile phone network. Twitter is well known form of little blogging.Social Bookmarking sites like digg, del.icio.us, Newsvine, Mixxit, Reddit allows users to recommend online news stories, music, videos and content to others and vote on what is interesting.Many other forms of social media exist are news aggregators, podcasts (Apple iTunes), mash-ups, company sponsored cause/help sites (Doves Campaign for Real Beauty, click2quit.com), invitation only social networks (ASmallWorld.net), commerce communities (eBay, Amazon.com, Craigs List, IStockphoto, Threadless.com), news delivery sites (current TV), educational materials sharing (MIT OpenCoourseWare, MERLOT), open source software communities (Mozillas spreadfiref ox.com, Linux.org) , windows Live, Google community and Yahoo.The Use of Social Media in Marketing CommunicationCommunication has become more challenging due to speedy changes in technologies, multiple communication channels and consumers constantly changing preferences and media use for obtaining information. Effectiveness of communication go away largely depends on understanding of consumers purchase behaviour, indentifying their information need and provides them with the right information, in right time at right place. It is enormously important to make sure the appropriate media is used (Ennew, 1993). Selection of a medium is relative with the guest preference with that particular medium.In an interview by www. sellingprof.com , a market guru, Philip Kotler says.major challenge today is take inting people attention. Consumers are pressed for times and numerous worked hard to neutralize advertising messages. The main challenge is to find new way to capture attention and p osition a brand in consumers mind.. (Kotler, 200517)Multiple communication channels pose a challenge to marketers to select a right medium to reach their position consumers. Traditional market communication media are loosing thier importance and are being challenged by new media. The internet has replaced traditional media such as radio, newspaper, magzine and the TV as the best-loved medium for advertising (Selek, 2010). TV advertising is loosing its effectiveness because of growing advertising clutter, the increeasing number of channels and cut back watching of television by certain group of people (Kotler, 2005).Social Media charge in selling communication is increasing cursorily. Social media is becoming a part of the marketing strategies of organisations irrespective of shape, size, volume and purposes. Marketers are trying to make it as a part of the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) and element of their marketing mix (Mangold Faulds, 2009 Li Bernoff, 2008). IMC is a guiding principles, marketers has been practising since its identification as a marketing tools to communicate with their target market. IMC is arguably the best tools, as of now, use to coordinate and control varying elements of the promotional materialal mix- advertising, personal selling, humankind relations, publicity, direct marketing, and sales promotion to go up customer focused integrated message and to achieve different organisational goals (Boone Kurtz, 2007).Social media is changing the landscape of marketing communication. Growing use and popularity of social media tools like Facebook, LinkedIn, MySpace, Twitter, Flicker, Digg, Del.icio.us, Foursquare and others give up compelled organisations use of social media as an integrated marketing communication tool. Consumers are making conversation on these platforms.Facebook alone has 500 million users worldwide, which accounts nearly 8% of world population and collectively, users spend more than 700 trillion pr oceedings a month in Facebook (Smith, 2010). The possibility of exposure to concourse audience and high espousal are propelling organisations to use social media to communicate to their target consumers. Fortunes 500 companies fix been using social media as one of the most important tool in their marketing strategy (Barnes Mattson, 2008).Increase in advertising outlay on social media shows preference of marketers in social media a sop upst traditional media as a marketing communication tool.The growing popularity of internet business such as google and social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook work appendd the use of social media in advertising. Advertising spending in the social networking area is estimated to be $865 million, with a projected value of $2 billion by 2011, or most 8.5% of total online spending (eMarketer, 2006 cited in Gangadharbatla, 2008). Facebooks 525 million revenue from advertising in 2009 (Smith, 2010) shows the magnitude of growing popularity of s coial media as a marketing communication tool.Marketers are breakageing their marketing spending from traditional means of communication to digital ones, focusing on search, dispaly ads and social networking. Marketers who turn over that most important way to improve communication effectiveness is to shift investment from traditional channels to digital channels are increasing. Another noticable changes is to shift advertising spending from awerness and brand building to promotional marketing (Ramsey Douglas, 2010). According to a 2009 mickle, conducted by the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) and Marketing Management Analytics (MMA), most marketers say that they plan to increase their budgets for interactive marketing by pulling specie out of traditional media. Survey shows that U.S. companies moved total of $60 billion from traditional media into online marketing in 2009 itself, which represents a major shift from traditional marketing to digital marketing in an effo rt to increase marketing effectiveness.Research shows that after the corporate website, the most effective way to communicate with prospects is through social media. As many as 80% of U.S. companies are using social media in their marketing efforts, every placing ads on sites, monitoring sites for chatter about their brands, or engaging directly through sites like Facebook. For most marketers two prime objectives for usiing social media are enhancing brand awareness and deepening realationships with consumers. Many others use social media to expand to new audiences and acquire new customers (StrongMail, 2009).Social Media enables customer to disgorge to one another, which is an extention of traditional word-of-mouth communication (Mangold Faulds, 2009). The role of social media giving customer to communicate to one another is unique from traditional marketing communication. In his book The New Influencers, Gillin (2007) says that Conventional marketing wisdoms has long held that a dissatisfied customer tells ten people. But that is out of date. In the new age of social media he or she has the tools to tell billions consumers in few hours.The Internet has become a mass media vehicle for consumer-sponsored communications. It now represents the number one source of media for consumers at work and the number two source of media at home (Rashtchy, Kessler, Bieber, Shindler, Tzeng, 2007). Consumers are act away from the traditional sources of advertising radio, television, magazines, and newspapers. Consumers also consistently demand more control over their media consumption. They ask on-demand and immediate access to information at their own convenience (Rashtchy et al., 2007 Vollmer Precourt, 2008). Social media is perceived by consumers as a more trustworthy source of information regarding products and services than corporate-sponsored communications transmitted via the traditional elements of the promotion mix (Foux, 2006).There are varying levels of tru st and credibility among marketing channels pretty low for ads, more so for traditional media and even lower for brand websites. Social media leverage the trust that users accept with one another. This is well proven fact in marketing that most effective influencers in buying decisions are friends and family. Social media has been providing consumer different platforms to communicate easily with friends and family quickly and effectively. Recommendations from friends and acquaintances, particularly those people we think are most like ourselves, garner the highest trust. Almost three-fourths of customers consult product reviews before making a purchase, and more than half arouse made a purchase based on consumer reviews. They create transparence and establish trust to prospects (Ramsey Douglas, 2010).Marketers use several methods to improve consumer guardianship. Social media is becoming an important part of consumer retention and is giving companies new ways to tap into consumer mindset. A survey conducted by King Fish Media (2009) shows that 72% of US marketing managers, who participated in the survey, believes that social media is the most effective way to communicate with current consumers.Social media leave behind the old model of one- to- one communication and enable communication from one to many or many- to- many. Social media such as blogs, tweets, wikis, and social networks are all about speeding up and enriching communication. Social media tools bring the advantages of flatter, more democratic and presumably more effective communication networks (Hawn, 2009). The advent of social media challenge traditional type of intrusive and one way communication. Social media offer multi -dimensional communication among marketers to consumers, consumers to consumers and consumers to marketers. Social media is a great tool for listening to consumers and improving products and services using feedback and suggestion from consumers. Understanding the speed and b readth of response to a consumer issue is crucial in social media (Econsultancy, 2009).Mangold Faulds (2009) struggle that social media is a hybrid element of the promotion mix because it combines characteristics of traditional IMC tools (companies talking to consumers) with a highly hypertrophied form of word-of-mouth (customers talking to one another) wherby marketing managers cannot control the content and frequency of such information. Consumers ability to communicate with one another limits the amount of control companies pass over the content and dissemination of information. In the era of social media, consumers have greater access to information and great command over media consumption than ever before (Vollmer Precourt, 2008).In the era of social media, marketing managers control over the content, timing, and frequency of information is being severely eroded. In the new communication simulacrum, information about products and services also originates in the marketplac e. This information is based on the experiences of individual consumers and is channelled through the traditional promotion mix. The traditional communication paradigm, which relied on the classic promotional mix to craft IMC strategies, must give way to a new paradigm that includes all forms of social media as potential tools in designing and implementing IMC strategies. Contemporary marketers cannot ignore the phenomenon of social media because it has rapidly become the de facto modus operandi for consumers who are disseminating information on products and services (Mangold Faulds, 2009).In this section enquiryer tried to gain insights about social media from available literatures and its uses in marketing communication. In following section looker reviews of live literature on social networking site Facebook and its uses by disciples, motives of use and use of Facebook in selection of universities, which is the main purpose of this study.The FacebookFacebook is very popular s ocial networking sites, which gives user an opportunity to create personal profile (include general information like education background, work background, and favourite interest), build a friend networks who have Facebook account, upload and share photos, put comment, show liking or agreeableness on any subjects, issues, comments, products and brands through like button, write notes and create news and many more. Facebook members can also join virtual groups based on common interests, see what classes they have in common, and learn about others hobbies, interests, tastes, and romantic relationship statuses through the profiles (Ellision, Steinfield, Lampe, 2007). It also has an option to add specific applications to further personalise ones profile (Rosmarin, 2007). People mostly use it to make friends, networking with friends, share links and videos, and learn more about the people they meet (Reuben, 2008).A Harvard undergraduate student and a programmer Mr. Mark Zuckerberg along with his friend Eduardo was set up Facebook.com in February 2004 at Harvard University dorm room as an online student directory for only Harvard students (Cassidy, 2006 Mayer Puller, 2007 Boyd Ellison, 2007). To join a user had to have a Harvard.edu email address. Facebook all-encompassing beyond Harvard to other Ivy League school in spring 2004. In fall 2004 Facebook.com had added websites to several hundred of colleges and university, then later expanded to any university students having an university e-mail and now anyone over age 13 with an valid e-mail account can join Facebook (Reuben, 2008). Mr. Zuckerberg, who set up Facebook at his early 20 (now 26), has grown it into a business worth an estimated 15 billion (Smith, 2010).Facebook has now become habitual and a part of everyday life for 500 million users worldwide. Facebook has reached almost eight percent of world population with meteoric rise of its users from 150 millions in January 2009 to 500 million in 2010 (Smith , 2010). Today, Facebook is the number one social networking site beating MySpace, LinkedIn, Foursquare etc. Facebook is third popular online brand after Google and MSN respectively. According to Nielsen survey (April, 2010) 54% worlds internet population visiting Facebook and spends 6 hours per person every month.On fairish user create 90 pieces of content every month, 30 billion pieces of content (web links, news, blogs etc) are shared each month, more than 3 billion pictures are uploaded every month, there are more than 60 million status updates a day and have an average of 130 friends (Smith, 2010). Collectively, users spend more than 700 billion minutes a month on Facebook. Alex Burmaster, of research agency Nielsen Online said Facebook has become a phenomenon of our time, its become almost like a mobile phone, and people cant imagine their lives without it.Popularity of Facebook among Colleges and Universities StudentsOrigin of Facebook is directly associated with university students. Facebook was set up by a university student as an online student directory. Initially, it was restricted to users with a harvard.edu email address and was limit to colleges and universities students and staffs. It was officially open to non-academic and non-US based users in September 2006 (Joinson, 2008 Reuben, 2008).Facebook has become a number one option among universities students. According to Pew Research Centers survey nearly three quarters (73 percent) of online teens and an equal number (72 percent) of unripe adults use social networking sites. The survey also reveals that among adults 18 and older Facebook is most preferred choice 73% have profile on Facebook, 48% own profile on MySpace and 14% use LinkedIn (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, Zickuhr, 2010). According to previous survey by Pew Center 50% of young adult social network users had profile in MySpace, 22% had profile on Facebook and only 6% had a profile on LinkedIn (Lenhart, A., 2009).The recent survey als o shows that among adult profile owners with high school degree or less, 64% have a profile on MySpace, 63% have profile on Facebook and just 3% have LinkedIn profile. Adults with at least some college experience, 78% have profile on Facebook, where 41% have a profile on my space and 19% have a LinkedIn profile (Lenhart, et. al, 2010). It shows the greater presence and growing popularity of Facebook among colleges and universities students.There is growing concern about universities students excessive use of Facebook. Sheldon (2008) states that 93% student had a Facebook account, on average they spent 47 minutes a day on Facebook and in boilers suit 81% student logged into Facebook on a daily basis. Social networking sites are widely thought to have changed students communication pattern because many college/university students lives have an online component (Zywica Danowski, 2008).There is hard debate going on about the risk of students being addicted to, and spending too much ti me on Facebook. Those who argue about ban impact and against on students excessive use of Facebook are demanding control on students from using Facebook. Facebook has been met with criticism by educators, with suggestions that students spend too much time on Facebook and find it addictive (Bugeja, 2006). Others, who believe control is not the right options, are suggesting attract and encourage students for its academic and positive use. Some studies have shown advantages of Facebook use for undergraduate students to assist and adjust to university life, especially those experiencing low self-esteem (Ellision, et al., 2007).Lloyd, Dean, and Cooper, (2007) concluded that students can gather and suffer from using technology Facebook. Positive effects of technology Facebook are knowledge acquisition, socialisation and cheer. However, negative effects include that students tend to be less healthy and passive in off-line activities when their furbish up purpose is for entertainment, w hich has a direct effect on their academic success, personal relationships, and wellness.Students Motives for Facebook UsePeople use media to gratify their various communication involve and wants. Uses and atonement is viewed as a psychological communication perspective which focuses on how individual use mass media and other forms of communication to fulfil their needs and wants (Sheldon, 2008 Rubin, 2002). According to the uses and gratification perspective, media use is determined by a group of key elements including peoples needs and motives to communicate, the psychological and social environment, the mass media, functional alternative to media use, communication behaviour, and the consequences of such behaviour (Rubin, 1994).McQuail, Blumler and Brown (1972) classified mostly found needs and gratifications in four categories diversion (escape from problems, emotional release), personal relationship (social service of information in conversation, interpose of the media for companionship), personal Identity (value reinforcement, self understanding), and information (as cited in Sheldon, 2008).These classifications were, basically, developed for audiovisual media use and researchers extendend it for internet use and developed different motivational scales for internet use over time. According to Morris, and Ogan (1996) internet accomplishs interpersonal and mediated needs. Needs traditionally carry out by media are social interaction, time pass, habit, information and entertainment (Flaherty, Pearce, Rubin, 1998). Media fulfilled interpersonal needs such as companionship, maintenance of relationship, problem-solving and persuation (Flanagin Metzger, 2001).LaRose, Mastro, and Eastin (2001) found that the expectation of finding enjoyable activities online predicted the amount of online media consumption. Song, LaRose, Eastin, and Lin (2004) identified virtual community as a new gratification that strengthen comunication with people met on internet. T his definition contrast with relationship maintenance focused to watch relationship with existing acquaintances (Song et al., 2004).Uses and gratification research has usually focused on how media are used to satisfy cognitive and affective needs relating personal needs and entertainment needs (Rubin, 2002), which includes need for personal identity, escapism, and self presentation. Researchers found various gratifications of internet and SNS uses such as acquisition of information, ability to engage in interpersonal communication and socialisation (Stafford Gonier, 2004) interpersonal utility functions such as relationship building, scoial maintenance and social recognition (Leung, 2007) interpersonal relations, information, and entertainment (Ho Cho, 2006) infromation, interpersonal communication, and entertainment (Matsuba, 2006).There has lot of research done about students motives in using Facebook. Majority of the previous research found friending, time pass, annoyer and fi nd new friends are the students prime motives to use Facebook. According to Coley (2006) most students use Facebook for fun to organise parties, and to find dates. They use it to find people with similar interest, peer who are in same class, and with whom they feel a sense of community and connectedness and its become habit to those who are already in online. Urista, Dong, and Day, (2009) in their study what motivates young adults to use SNS (MySpace and Facebook) found that individual use SNS to fulfill their needs and wants, which includes efficient communication, convenient communication, curosity about others, popularity and relationship formation and reinforcement.Ellision, et al. (2007) suggest that Facebook is mostly used to maintain or reinforce existing offline relationships, as opposed to establishing new ones online. There is usually some common offline activity among individuals with friends one another, such as a shared class or extra curricular acitivity. Lampe, Ellis on, and Steinfield (2006) found that Facebook users engage in searching for people with whom they have an offline connection more than they browse for new people to meet.Sheldon (2008) conducted a survey of 172 students and found that large porportion of students use Facebook to maintain relationship with people they already know, majority of students also visit Facebook for time pass like when feel bored or get wall post update notification, significant porportion of students use Facebook for entertainment purposes and a small porportion use Facebook to develop new relationship.According to Pew Internet American Life Project survey (2009) teens and adults use Facebook to stick by in touch with friends (97 percent), make plans with friends (62 percent), make new friends (52 percent), organize with others for an event, issue or cause (56 percent), and flirt (22 percent) (Lenhart, 2009). 2,251 subjects were participated in the survey.Research on Facebook is starting to emerge along with its popularity. The applications and utilities of Facebook is also constantly being developed. most(prenominal) of the previous studies about motives to use Facebook was done before 2008, when Facebook was just started to emerge and not much popular as now and not much applications as now. The researcher found limited limited predictors have been used to study students motive for Facebook use. In this paper the researcher try to find out university students motives of using Facebook using new predictors. The first research question of the study isRQ1 What are the motives of university students for Facebook use?Students Use of Facebook in Selection of Universities and CollegesOklahoma State Universitys study highlights a typical lifestyle of a todays student. On average each day students sleep for 7 hours, spend 1.5 hours watching TV, spend 3.5 hours online, listen to music for 2.5 hours, talk on a cell phone for 2 hours, spend 3 hours in class, spend 2 hours eating, go to work for 2 hours and study for 3 hours. This totals 26.5 hours a day, nearly half of that involve technology. Students read 8 books a year, surf t

Straw Bale Home Construction

stubble compile sign Constructionstubble compile theme construction is a putting surface pull ining method that uses pile ups of pale yellow as geomorphologic support, separation, or both. Gener every(prenominal)y, this method of grammatical construction has numerous advantages over customary twist systems because wheat is a renewable source, low cost, easily available, and has a high insulation tax. The two forms of strew compile construction argon demoralize-bearing ( nor-east style) which uses the pile ups of angry walk as structural support and non-load bearing (infill) which uses the bales of pale yellow as insulation among traditional wood framed walls. Non-load bearing stalking bale signs is easier to obtain digests and working(a) with create code officials because officials view cover bales as an alternative insulation material, but since the structural elements argon familiar, infill still hunt bale is little intimidating to contractors not alread y familiar with this lawsuit of construction. The construction act upon for a non-load bearing stalking bale base of operations is very similar to a convention base of operations build, and it is usually less pricy to build.During the 21st century, society is aw be of climate change, more intense rage systems (i.e. hurri after parte Katrina), and other environmental impacts that could potentially harm mankind. In an effort to combat such impacts, technology is at one time even more present in the construction industry, and society is beginning to turn towards sustainable resources and green building materials as an alternative to conventional construction.While buildings atomic number 18 our place of residency, employment, and playground that protect us from natures intenses, green building is the practice of creating and using healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance, and demolition (Green Building, 2009). In the U nited States, buildings banknote for 39% of total energy use, 12% of total water consumption, 68% of total electricity consumption, and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions (Why Build Green, 2009). Construction has an impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy. By utilizing an alternative more sustainable resources into building construction, buildings will benefit society, the economy, and the environment from minimizing strain on local infra building, reducing operate costs turn optimizing life-cycle performance, and preserving our natural resources from protecting ecosystems, reducing waste streams, and improving air and water lumber (Why Build Green, 2009). angry walk bale home construction is an example of a green building method. Straw is a renewable resource, relatively inexpensive, and when put into serviceable use, extremely energy efficient (Choosing Green Materials and Products, 2009). Straw bale construction uses bales of stem as structural elemen ts, insulation, or both (Straw Bale Construction, 2009).Straw has been use in construction since the early 20th century in many types of buildings because it provides excellent tensile strength, large insulation value, and additional structural integrity. There atomic number 18 some 75+ year-old buildings fluent inhabited immediately (Jacoby, 2001). Straw bale home construction started in the Midwestern United States, especially in Nebraska because the grass in plentiful (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). This green building approach has been put into more practical use at the turn of the 21st century. The United States currently wastes 200 million tons of pale yellow each year, and the United States Department of Agriculture indicates that the Statesn farmers annually harvest enough shuck to build about 4 million, 2,000 squ atomic number 18 foot homes each year which is roughly 4 times the publication of houses currently constructed (Jacoby, 2001). Generally, chaff bale const ruction has numerous advantages over conventional building systems because straw is a renewable resource, eco-friendly, unwavering and durable, completely biodegradable, inexpensive, readily available, and has a high insulation value (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). Currently, on that point are two forms of straw bale home construction. The most common, load-bearing or Nebraska style, uses the bales of straw as structural support while non-load bearing or infill uses the bales of straw as insulation surrounded by traditional posts and beamed framed walls (Hart, 2009).Non-load bearing straw bale construction is more beneficial than conventional home construction because straw bales has a high sound absorption coefficient, high insulating qualities with an average R-values of 42 while an R-value of 19 is considered to be super insulated, and this method of construction can incorporate conventional building methods as well (Jacoby, 2001). However straw bale builders face many drawba cks. The design and construction of the straw bale home directs careful detailing to prevent liquid water infiltration, requires breathable finishes, generally smear over the straw, requires educating the owner, the builder, permitting officials, and requires impede interaction with building code officials in regions that do not currently remove codes for straw bale home construction. Financing a straw bale home is rather difficult because banks are less likely to lend because it is an alternative method, unknown conditions exist, or there is a lack of building codes in place (Phyers, n.d.). In the recent years, this is rapidly changing, and building code officials are more likely to permit non-load bearing straw homes because the structural system is an independent element, because it utilizes conventional techniques, and it can be engineered according to load requirements and building codes (Jacoby, 2001).Most residential post and beam house framing in North America today is b uilt using stud construction or tone of voice framing, and it could incorporate exposed timber throughout the structure (Post And Beam House Timber Framing versus Standard Stud Construction, 2008). Non-load bearing straw bale construction uses post and beam framing and/or stud construction as the structural support then uses straw bales to infill as an independent element. This method of construction does not rely on bales to carry any of the building loads other than the weight of the bales themselves (Jacoby, 2001). Figure 1 on the exploit page is a detail of a non-load bearing house. The drawing depicts a slab-on-grade induction, size of timber to be used, orientation of the straw bales, and number of straw bale layers needed to reach the height of the capital. Non-load bearing straw bale construction is easier obtaining permits and working with building code officials because officials view straw bales as an alternative insulation material, and since the structural elements are familiar, infill straw bale is less intimidating to contractors not already familiar with this type of construction (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000).The construction process for a non-load bearing straw bale home is relatively simple. This process is not much different than a conventional home build. In a non-load bearing straw bale home build, typically just the perimeter walls are infilled with straw bales, and all structural components must be constructed first. This includes the foundation (this could vary depending on the current building code as noted in the building code section in the proceeding pages), thestud walls and floor joists are constructed, and finally the roof is installed. Interior walls can be constructed before or after the straw bales are infilled. Some building codes require non-load bearing straw bale structure to install the straw bales in the dry. Simply stated, the straw bales can and be placed once the roof is constructed and finished roo f is installed. Then, the straw bales can then be placed between the structural elements and around all openings including windows and doors. Depending on the ceiling height, there are typically about 7-8 straw bale layers needed to reach the ceiling height. Any remaining interior walls will then be constructed to allow for electrical and plumbing rough-in. galvanic can be installed two different ways, hidden or exposed. If the electrical is to be hidden, conduit is run between the straw bale layers per building code while if the electrical is to be exposed, the conduit is run above the ceiling, in the roof before being exposed down the side of the wall. A cement/lime plaster and stucco is to be applied to the interior and exterior respectively. All windows and doors are installed before the remaining finishes are applied (i.e. drywall, trim, paint). Finish plaster is applied to the interior and exterior before the remaining finish elements are completed. (Overview of Straw Bale Co nstruction, 2000).Straw bales are an inexpensive building material. The material cost for straw bales walls are substantially lower than conventional stud walls. Generally, the cost of a straw bale wall is most 1/5 of the total home construction cost opposed to 1/2 of conventional home construction cost (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000). However hired labor is very expensive (Jacoby, 2001). It is especially in the plastering process because it is a technical and time consuming process, but it is recommended to get community helpers or volunteers to assist with the plastering process to reduce labor costs (Overview of Straw Bale Construction, 2000). In comparison to the actual cost of a non-load bearing straw bale home to a conventional home, it depends on the how green the building will be. A straw bale home can be built for as little as $15 a square foot, to a typical range of $43-$73 a square foot, to upwards of $100 a square foot (Phyers, n.d.). In relation to the ave rage home size of 2200 square feet, the cost of a straw bale home is $33,000, $94,600-$160,600, and $220,000 respectively. Non-load bearing straw bale homes is typically higher in cost because stud framing does still exist in the exterior to carry the load.Non-load bearing and load-bearing straw bale houses each have individual structural characteristics but while under interrogation conditions, have similar results. Researchers have been testing straw bales or straw bale structures in comparison to convention homes while under extreme wind conditions (i.e. hurricane), absquatulate rating properties, and during an earthquake. All of these are acceptable tests depending on the region the home is to be built. Straw bales have a unique characteristic. Architects and Engineers have considered straw bales to be a seismic immune building material (Morrison, 2009). Researching and testing has shown that while induced in gale force winds of up to 75mph, a straw bale structure will have no movement, but when tested in winds of up to 100mph, the structure only moves 1/16 (Morrison, 2009). Furthermore, straw bales are dried straw, 3 times as fire resist as current building material finishes used in conventional homes. Dried straw only contains 8% moisture and lack the oxygen needed to ignite a flame (Morrison, 2009). Straw bales act as a shock absorber rather than rigid and breaking. In non-load bearing straw bales structures, the straw rests against the stud construction to absorb the shock of the earthquake. Even more astonishing, a straw bale cabin was built and placed on an earthquake testing machine. The cabin was tested in conditions many slew have not experienced. The machine induced an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 on the Richter scale (Ecoville Architecs, 2009). more regions of the United States do not have building codes that apply to green materials or straw bale structures. Many building officials lack the knowledge needed to approve a green building, in particular, straw bale housing. The approval rate in an area with insufficient or no green building codes is 50% among the code officials surveyed (DCAT, 2005). Nevertheless, the Midwest and West Coast contain the most straw bale building codes. Typically these codes are for both load-bearing and non-load bearing straw bale houses while some codes only focus on non-load bearing straw bale walls. The cities that currently have straw bale building codes are Austin, Texas, multiple cities and counties in the state of California, Cortez, Colorado, parts of Nevada, Tucson, azimuth, parts of Nebraska, and the entire state of Oregon (Skillful Means, 2000). Tucson, Arizona is noted for requiring all straw bale houses to house doubled stem concrete block foundation walls filled with concrete rather than a slab-on-grade foundation (Phyers, n.d.). Regions that do not currently have straw bale building code like parts of Maryland and Pennsylvania are likely to take for granted a code simi lar to Cortez, Colorado due to the nature and climate of the region, and they will typically require the use of non-load bearing straw bale structures while referring to load-bearing straw bale walls as experimental. bearing(prenominal) straw bale walls are subject to the interpretation of the Uniform Building (Cortez SB Codes, 1997).Non-load bearing straw bale home construction is relatively similar to conventional home construction. Straw bales give owners the hazard to use a renewable resource, which is eco-friendly, strong and durable, completely biodegradable, inexpensive, readily available, and has a high insulation value on the perimeter of the building (Straw Bale Construction, 2009). This will help reduce energy costs substantially. The general cost is very similar to a conventional home, but by utilizing an alternative more sustainable resource into home construction, houses will benefit society, the economy, and the environment from minimizing strain on local infrastru cture, reducing operating(a) costs while optimizing life-cycle performance, and preserving our natural resources from protecting ecosystems, reducing waste streams, and improving air and water forest (Why Build Green, 2009). Building codes are starting to accept alternative green building methods, and a strong recommendation for a new home builder is to elect to use a non-load bearing straw bale system. The owner will not be disappointed.

Compare and Contrast the different quality philosophy, systems and approaches

Comp are and Contrast the opposite shade philosophical ashes, trunks and approachesThe various prime(a) approaches and systems are the Deming philosophical system, the Juran approach, the Crosby system, six sigma and some other approaches. These are the various philosophies that are ready(prenominal) to an operations manager in assessing the grapheme and suit world power of systems in an disposal that privy be applied for increasing efficiency and gains .The various tonicity approaches are briefly explained as underDeming Philosophy Based in improving the crossroads and services by reducing uncertainty and variability in the rule and manufacturing processes. Variation is considered the nonwithstanding reason for poor select. Variations in separate of pieces in manufacturing leads to wear and premature failure. Better attribute leads to less re fly the coop, less delays and ruin use of factor inputs. It includes profound knowledge consisting of four stages -apprec iation for a system, some knowledge of theory of variation, theory of knowledge and psychology. Based on these four aspects Deming had devised 14 points of attribute counseling. (Chambers, Johnston, Slack, 2007)Juran ism The Juran philosophical system is establish upon the companys true strategic planning and minimum risk in rejections. He states in his feeling management program that different employees at different directs of the geological formation hold different factors as priority top management holds capital as in-chief(postnominal) and speaks in property marges, workers hold things as important and mid management holds some(prenominal) the things and money as important and female genitals speak for in money as wellspring as things terms. His mode of role management focuses on the interdependencies of functions of manufacturing, process control, testing and feedbacks and that the character system needs to be continuous and never ending. The three aspects o f property called lineament trilogy are important - musical note planning, caliber control and fictional character value. (Greasley, 2007)Crosby philosophy Crosby philosophy on feature management is based upon the absolutes of quality management and elemental elements of utility .The absolutes of quality management are quality is conformance to requirements non elegance, there is no such thing as a quality problem, no such thing as economics of quality, the meatly cognitive operation measure is embody of quality, the yet deed quantity is zero defects , and the grassroots elements of return include determination, education and performance.Six Sigma It is a quality improvement approach which is a statistical tool and stands for the six standard deviations from the destine .It provides the techniques and tools for improving capability and reducing defects in the industry.Benchmarking It is a process of measure of internal processes and thusly the identification, u nderstanding and adaptation of outstanding practices from the best companies in the industry.ISO 9000US based quality standards called the Q9000-1994 series were recognized by or so 100 countries and withal by Japan .These standards were to define quality system that guide a companys performance of specified requirements in orbits of design, discontinuement, production, installation and service. unvarying improvement implies that the geological formation and its efforts are directed in a additive and breakthrough improvement which is continuous at the same duration. These activities should be a originate of daily regular part of daily work, seek to eliminate problems at their source and be driven by opportunities to do better and quicken problems that are needed to be corrected. (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, 2006)Thus when the regular cycles of planning, execution and military rank are organism conducted a quantifi adapted measure of continuous improvement needs to be ass essed.Kaizen system It is a system for quality improvement from internal sources and within the firm rather than from outside sources. It means in Japanese transmit for better. It is withal continuous and ongoing improvement.TQM Total quality management is a description of the subtlety, attitude and composition of the company that requires quality in all aspects of the operations with things world done right the premier succession and defects eliminated or eradicated from operations completely.Comparison and Contrast The various quality philosophies and approaches determine quality to be achieved by the ecesis in prise of various aspects of quality in an geological formation and not necessarily hooked on any one approach or philosophy. The philosophy of Deming is a 14 point course of instruction for evaluating and implementing quality and philosophy of Juran emphasizes the importance of quality training for reduction in failure costs, higher productiveness and emphasizes information collection and analysis. Whereas the Crosby philosophy implies the behavioral aspects in quality, more emphasis is on management processes for ever-changing culture and attitudes than relying on statistical techniques. But it does not provide finer details on quality management and bases itself on management thinking instead. Thus Crosby approach is more easily run short into the company and does not view as murder problems faced in implementing Deming philosophy but it has issues of being not acceptable worldwide or being that popular.Many issues exist in being able to interpret what ISO 9000 only is and its definition whereas few others suggest that its usefulness is questionable considering the high implementation costs in many small and medium sized companies. Although it is being apply in successful companies by majority and is tremendously popular measure/approach. (Shim et al., 1999)In Kaizen approach the human processes are important, processes evolve by gradual removes improvement is based on statistical and quantitative performance measurement, requires trust between managers and employees.In Six Sigma approach the process of mensuration variation is important .It is a statistical tool, quite effective and hugely popular.Benchmarking as a quality approach is a one mop up exercise not necessarily continuous helps the organization strategically and is outbound looking into the industry and commercialise the company serves. uninterrupted improvement is a learning paradigm which involves learning enhancement by continuous veers in the organization.TQM is an integrated approach to quality, with total resource deployment and no exceptions to quality as a standard.Thus in contrast whereas one of the approaches is a statistical tool other approaches are basic principles on effective management and whereby they catch advantage in being specific and distinct from the others at the same duration they lose more on grounds of author isation .But many of such approaches do implement successful quality improvements in organizations leading to interpolate state more popular. For example six sigma was applied in Motorola, benchmarking was fetched by bolt etc. (Reid Sanders, 2004)Whereas the kaizen approach involves greater trust from managers and employees alike the stress from TQM is on integration and involvement .On the other hand the continuous improvement is a management paradigm for continuously implementing changes the benchmarking is a standalone exercise in quality assessment and improvement. Thus similar comparisons coffin nail be drawn from the quality approaches and philosophies and push analysis can be made.Analyze the differences and evaluate the shock absorber of these differences on cornerstone, change and engagement.The differences of various quality approaches and philosophies indicate that the quality can be measurable from various standpoints and tools of statistics, from various aspec ts of processes in organization, from output and inputs and from productivity of factor inputs .There is a wide manner of employing quality in an organization and many concepts in management can be applicable here. The virtually important differences are in being either traditional method, in being a one off measure, an integrated approach, statistical tool, based on manager dealing and trust, continuous change and a standard acceptable by the authorities.The restore of these differences on change, innovation and fight can be gauged from various standpoints. The impacts for various change management techniques can be assessed andRealized on these aspects as enumerated below (Schroeder, 2005)The impact on change of the differences among the quality approaches and philosophiesChangeThe change in an organization ascribable to quality approaches is evident from the fact that without continuous change and improvement the quality curriculum would be rendered ineffective. The quality programmes are initiated and lead to changes in organization because of following reasonsI. The change in customer perceptions is ongoing and indeed when an organization accepts the product design and development the first year the changes in preference and buy behavior the next year might suggest that there would so be more than the require for the specific product or service. consequently the change in demand pattern requires that the company be elusive in redesigning of the product afresh and this is costly and time consuming. Hence due to changes in customer perceptions the changes in product design from quality side becomes apparent .The various approaches and their differences impact the assurance and reliability of specific approaches for quality programme selection in that the benchmarking approach which is one off is authoritative since it can be initiated in few days and can be carried out any time of the year. An integrated approach like TQM on the other hand can address most of changes in demand by being able to be integrated from before the perceptions of consumer start changing. Kaizen can be applicable but trust and interpersonal dealing military posture cannot be built in a year and therefore the quality programme and its impact on change in organizations effectiveness might lead to hike issues .The statistical tool of Six Sigma is a healthier alternative by being cost effective and favourable to implement although both six sigma and ISO 9000 pee-pee problems in being interpret and understood properly. (Schroeder, 1993)II Competition is continuous in the environment or market place accuseing that for the organization to keep ahead it needs to change implement continuously .Although the market is dynamic the organization faces constraints in time and cost .The impact of various quality programmes is effective for few approaches only like the approach of TQM which is integrative of all the factors in management and organization , also the approach of Crosby is effective since it is based on the quality standards and thinking call which needs to be effective for management thinking in an organization face extremely competitive market. The approach of Deming and Juran impact if applied only when the organization is ready to implement such programmes due to their traditional personality and the impact takes farseeinger time to predict as both the philosophies lay down implementation problems. The approach of six sigma, continuous improvement is more applicable and worthwhile when the change becomes super impacted in short stay of time and in lesser costs than for other approaches. (Stevenson, 2001)III The change in organizations is also impacted specifically when it is acknowledged that the change in systems and processes however sensibly designed would become obsolete after a time period and the complicacy involved adds to further changes being impacted. The philosophy of Juran and Crosby if employ ha ve lesser impacts since by then(prenominal) a change managed wit has evolved as also in TQM and continuous improvement approaches. Whereas for implementing the Deming programme in quality the implementation and successful change management might take few years but once set there could be huge successes .The processes and management thinking if are accepting six sigma and ISO9000 standards then the quality philosophy would impact greatly the change in the structure, processes, culture of the organization and bring simplified answers to complex measurement and qualitative aspects. conflictThe differences in philosophies also impact greatly the competitiveness of the organization in different ways .The various philosophies and their impact on the organization with love to competitiveness is in the following waysCost reduction The Deming, Juran and Crosby approaches imply greater reduction in costs and lead to higher cost efficiencies and scale of operations if applied for few years and having overcome the sign implementation issues. The continuous improvement, Six sigma and ISO9000 standards of quality also improve the effectiveness in costs if applied and interpreted correctly .The kaizen philosophy does not indicate costs reduction that easily since it takes time for trust and long term effectiveness to materialize .The benchmarking process indicates the slack areas pretty cursorily and if applied continuously the results can be successful in speech more competitiveness.Productivity Out of the given approaches the Crosby and Juran approach lead to greater increase in productivity than the Deming philosophy in short term only whereas the continuous improvement philosophy implies that the competitiveness increases in lots lesser time duration and lesser costs .Six sigma and ISO9000 would tend to be better in estimating the level of competitiveness and productivity for the organization .The benchmarking and Continuous improvement approach are also highly recom mended for enhancing the productivity and competitiveness in the company. Kaizen philosophy has more than required impact on enhancing competitiveness and productivity as it involves each and every manager and as well as employee.Differentiation The effect of these quality approaches on product design note is more attach .The product can be separate as custom, option oriented and standard in designs. The design differentiation is applicable for Juran and Crosby philosophy which indicate better results when their impact on implementation for changing custom and option oriented product designs are better than the standard products. Also the Continuous improvement, Kaizen and benchmarking are highly effective in determining the best changes in design for the market is ever changing and the competitiveness based on differentiation strategy could be the marked presence for competing companies. The six sigma and ISO9000 can deliver better if they are feature with a strategic perspecti ve rather being utilized in a standalone environment.InnovationThe competitiveness and increase in number of industries competing for market share has increased in the past decade. This has been leading the companies fighting in the market place scenario for developing innovative products and inventions through rigorous investigate and development programs .The innovations and inventions enhance credibility in a fast changing environment .The philosophy of Juran and Crosby are highly effective whereas Deming philosophy takes time to implement .The six sigma and ISO 9000 have been highly appreciated as being successful programs in delivering innovations and building needs for greater enhancement in quality from new products and services. Whereas the Kaizen philosophy has impacted innovations to a great point yet the problem of long term applicability from human relations perspective has lessened its applicability. The continuous improvement and benchmarking have found to be effecti ve in developing the new products directly rather than come issue from other standpoints. (Stevenson, 2008)Recommend actions that organizations might take to improve its be quality approach with regard as to their impact on innovation, change and competitiveness, and come in any areas that need further analysis.The various approaches and quality programmes have been able to deliver their impact on change, competitiveness and innovation .The Company and organizations ability to enhance the quality is stemming from the various issues and stakes that the company would necessarily be facing in the real time. Thus for the company and organization to evaluate the different approaches impact and selecting the right combination of strategies would be important. The varied approaches and scenarios would then be based upon following factorsculture,life cycle debate of organization,size of organization,money budget,Time period for implementation.Quality programme will be implemented that best suites the organization and its level of management culture and involvement. Thus the Kaizen philosophy which is highly cost effective and has a thinking style would be appreciated if it is applied in an organization which is small to medium size, with sane budget, has time for evaluating quality responses internally, has an independent and welcoming culture .The programme for Deming philosophy would be best applicable in a gravid organization with higher budget, greater requirement for innovations and change management and greater time for covering .If the culture is appreciable then the quality programme would also be greatly and easily applicable. The benchmarking can be effective on with continuous improvement in the organizations where budgets are limited, highly competitive environment and change is crucial for survival. The Juran and Crosby philosophies are applicable for those companies and organizations where the need for implementing change as cultural factor is important, which have bigger budgets with medium time and conflicts in culture are more marked. The approach of ISO9000 and six sigma are also applicable to firms which have innovation and change management in highly competitive environment, whose budgets are smaller and need for growth is large .The application of TQM is only applicable when it is started early on in an organization since the total quality approach requires greater integration and applicability of the respective quality approach in an organization which is facing budget costs, need for innovation continuously and requires change management as well. It could be a large or small company with limited or unlimited budget.The areas needing further analysis and work in quality improvement in organizations are huge and great in number. One can enumerate few aspects which need to be cleared in the meantime like benchmarking with respect to innovation and cost reduction ,reengineering processes ,measurement of quality from better scales, quality police squad building and management, quality circles in different organizations, evaluations of quality programmes with respect to approachability of data on sales and revenues from including change management and other strategies. This area of research where the availability of multitude of factors impinge upon the given quality level therefore is a growing area of management and developing work in this area would lead to further benefits. (Waters, 1999)ConclusionDue to the reputation of quality management as being a latest phenomenon of the twentieth century it is a highly unorthodox concept which needs to be evaluated in the light of current changes and improvements in market behavior of suppliers and buyers both at the same time as also the increase in competitiveness and innovativeness in organizations along with increases in change management styles .therefore the study has been important in highlighting the need for quality approach for a particula r company from the required abilities and situations .The realization of benefits of the quality programme have been therefore been found as applicable to the organizations operations management which have been able to implement such programmes with success. Success in implementation further depends upon the quality of selection of programme with respect to situation and scenario analysis.Expert advice and comments with the organizations is not procurable in easy way and has high costs and fees. Thus it is anticipate that the firm or organization which would be intending to have quality programme for effectiveness in operations would ascertain the applicability of the programme and then buy the programme from a suitable expert or develop one internally.The learning from the quality approaches and philosophies has been greater in recognizing the worth of quality in managing organizations and that is started early onwards quality improvement and correct approximation could lead to b etter results in long term and strategically placement the company. The ability of the company in being able to ascertain competitiveness, change management and innovations is highly likely to grow with the years to come as research gathers pace in this area. At the moment the respective situation analysis and proper utilization of correct quality programme is the only actionable criteria.From the above quality study I have poised that as a manager for a given organization the quality improvement guidelines that I have come across are highly important in making me discover the respective ability and impact on the organization and management. The level of quality improvements and future work that would be applicable would be the concern areas which I would be intending to study as part of my efforts in gaining further knowledge and learning in other disciplines. Although the study has been highly informative and guided through the process I would be of opinion that a larger study o n quality management and its imperatives for operations management is further possible.

The Meaning Of Catholic Church Architecture Theology Religion Essay

The Meaning Of Catholic church service Architecture divinity fudge Religion Es prescribeTheology in Stone The Meaning of Catholic church Architecture. If a tour of the Catholic church buildinges were to be variationed, you would be in need of a guide. The reason for this is simple. Catholic churches admit assigned symbolic meaning to the various p inventions of the church building. This symbolism is shown non whole on the exterior of the building, but excessively through-out the interior and the Holy items within.thither are several misconceptions surrounding Catholic churches and its architecture. One myth active the church states that the Vati support Council requires the rejection of traditional church architecture and the promotion of more contemporary architecture. This myth is supported by what Roman Catholics have built during the brave iii decades rather than what the Church has taught. Even by vocational reports, the church architecture of the past decade has b een a complete calamity. Nevertheless, actions frequently spill louder than discussions, and the faithful have been led to accept that the Church necessitates its structures to be operating(a) abstractions. There has also been controversy surrounding the Catholic church appraise saints or items and symbols, it is easy to see why someone may say that it is not possible or welcomed to build a beautiful church. This happens to be completely wrong. We live in an age where men have been flown to the moon around and insanely ample sums of money are exhausted on unclouded arenas. Of course we should also be able to construct these structures of the analogous step as the previous Christian basilicas or Gothic cathedrals. In young layman architecture we are observing a great revival meeting of traditional architecture and craftsmanship.Following the book Ugly as Sin, in that respect are three vivid laws of Catholic church architecture. The church essential have verticality 1. It is said that a frank, successful, and vertical church go out stick out above the other smaller buildings in the area. This is so the heavenly Jerusalem (which I interpret as Heaven) is passed through the church. Verticality, itself creates this originator of existence. Its this universeness that makes divine architecture at all possible. Windows, columns, supports, and sacred art should fortify this heavenward ambition. The ceilings pronunciation should create a sense of favorable position toward the Heaven through the mosaics and murals as well as the use of natural light used on the body of the church. (Ugly as Sin, 24)The second of the three natural laws of church architecture is permanence 2. The building itself symbolizes Christs presence in the sphere. (Christs presence in the world is the same yesterday and today and forever.) The same thing goes for the church. It must be farthermosting and surpass space and time. Typically, colliery or brick willing be used as the material to form the exterior of the church in order to satisfy permanence. This permanence is thus far another way of creating transcendence. An authenticCatholic church construction is a naturalise of art that communicates the preceding brilliance of the Churchs architectural heritage. It refers to the past, serves the present, and informs the future. (Ugly as Sin, 26)The last natural law, Iconography 3. The Catholic church must have Iconography, this will split the building as a church. A creditable church will also use iconography to capture something bigger. meditation painting, sculpture, and architecture are meant to work together to produce a unified effect. (St. Ignatius Loyola) This is said to emphasize the importance of beautiful creations in the world. A churchs architectural appearance should reverberate Gods creation. In specifically, man, who was made in the image of God. Art has been, is, and will be forever, the superior agency for spiritual impression that th e Church may claim. writes architect Ralph Adams Cram. He writes in addition because of art, Christians have defined the creative symbolism that rear us to God. The iconography may also display the life of Jesus through-out the Church in a story of pictures, symbols, items, or furniture. (Ugly as Sin, 27)Our journey will lead us to the front, or facade of the church which may be the most artistic and memorable piece of the church. There could be lick stained glass, sculptures or memorials in the facade. The stained glass is most ordinarily above the large wooden doors that create a gate-way that guards the interior of the church. often the facade shows a story formed around the detailed artwork. When discussing the material body of the church, other than height, you will find the building to be in the cast of a cross. Also, the church transepts will be pointing to the North and to the south. A transept is the thwartwise arm of a cruciform church. The left transept is the Nor th transept and the right transept is the South transept. A dome is usually formed at the center of the transepts. The sacrament of the Eucharist is supposed to be conducted facing East under this dome where Gods nation have gathered.Upon entering the church, you come to the Narthax, which means entry. The transition from the extracurricular world to the inside. This can also be a covered porch-like structure outside of the building. A certain attitude should be attributed to the scents and sounds when entering the Narthax. As you progression through the church, you will find the Nave, which means ship in Latin. This is where chase sit or stand when receiving the liturgy. Churches in the Gothic era typically had screens covering the sanctuary. This area was treated as the Holy of Holies. The sanctuary is where the temple is kept and where there should be a burning tabernacle light. When the tabernacle is presented, followers genuflect. When the Sacrament is exposed, Catholics k neel on both knees. The alter is the beside significant item found in the Church.The Altar should be situate and made of stone and contain a relic of a angel (usually a hair or other small body part). This is also where the Tabernacle is usually kept. (Jeremiah)The Church exercises many functions. Of the most authorised, there is, worship, hymns or songs, and discipline. Worship facilitates our relationship with God and makes it possible for us to communicate with him in both private and open. Worship more commonly is a public function, done in the mass and amongst other believers. Hymns are another minded(p) face or function of the church. These allow us to express feelings and emotions we have for God and and the relationship weve formed with him. We also see discipline in the church, this is spiritual discipline. This faithfulness regards our hearts, psyche, and spirit. Prayer should be something we Christians enjoy doing and desire being a part of. It may sound like disc ipline is referring to punishment, when the substantive meaning of discipline is something that disciples, or enables (learning). Discipleship refers to the continuous teaching and mentorship. Passing the word through the generations. It has been said, no man is good left alone. Nor is it good for a Christian to be left alone. We must encourage ministry by natural endowment permission, training, tools, and removing any impedance. (Six Functions of the Church)Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their work If one falls down, his friend can serve up him up. But pity the man who falls and has no one to table service him up Though one may be overpowered, two can defend themselves. A cord of three strands is not quickly mortified (Ecclesiastes 49-12).Fellowship can serve as a rough-cut relationship among Christians. Fellowship means sharing life experiences, emotions and burdens. This encourages Christians to help not only one another but also those who do n ot believe in Christ. All of these functions are served by the Catholic Church and serve a distinct, pious, purpose for members of the church. (Six Functions of the Church)The architecture that forms the church is invariably important to the teachings of the bible and Jesus life. The shapes, scents, and designs assist the learning and provide certain sensations that collimate the traditional mass and liturgy. Architecture plays an important part as symbolism for the church. Much of the artistic features about the church represent something greater or tell a story. The church must also seek to perform a few major functions worship, hymns, and spiritual disciplines. All of these functions are to hire us closer to God and his heavenly Jerusalem and every aspect of the church is to transcend the spirit through-out us, Gods people.CitesUgly As Sin ECN expressionJeremiah, David. Signs of Life. Thomas Nelson, Publishers, 10/02/2007. Print.Six Functions of the Church.GCI. N.p.. Web. 11 Mar 2013. .

the Firm Strategy Structure and Rivalry

the Firm Strategy Structure and RivalrySialkot is known as the exporting city of Pakistan. Out of me very(prenominal) cottage and small scale industries, sports assiduity is one of the most prominent in the city. on that point are fundamental 3559 sports goods industries in Pakistan emerge of which over 98 percent are hardened in the city of Sialkot and its suburbs.1 Imported sports brands like Adidas (Germany), Puma (Germany), Nike (USA) and Slazenger (UK) started acquire their products make from the Sialkot sports assiduity. This foreignist collaboration was a big achievement.In 1994, official association football balls were deald for FIFA football World Cup, USA 94. Sialkot sports equipment exporters were selected for this supply.2However, the pains is now experiencing discharge of marketplace share because of lack of modernization that is latest technology usage, execrable in tenoration infrastructure, competition with chinaware, India and Japan, low capital for industry refinement, lack of expert education, innovation and international standards in production, frequent power outages, poor counseling skills and lack of coordination among link industries in the sports cluster.Using the Porters Diamond model for analysis, we gage better infrastand the current situation of the sports industry (exhibit 1). Porters Diamond model3 jocks in understanding the role of clusters in competition and enables a disposal to grass how an industry can become competitive on a spherical level.Demand ConditionsSialkot sports industry had been generating major revenue by exporting sports stand firm and sports equipment to the international market. But there has been a recent downfall in the industry. The international market demands innovation in sports products, use of better technologies and international standards in production.Firm Strategy Structure and RivalryThere is a strong competition with China, India and Japan. International brands like N IKE, Adidas etc. are getting their products made from these countries because of cheap labor and raw materials there. China specially is a big threat to the industry.4Factor ConditionsSmall scale industries are military campaign by a familys own savings. As savings are limited, expansion of industrial units is not possible and it could soon get exhausted. So, capital is a hurdle in advancement. Power outages are one of the biggest problems of Pakistan these days. It causes problems in the form of delays in production. Employees are not well equipped with the management skills. Because of out of date technology usage, the industry is lagging behind the market. Infrastructure needfully to be enhanced according to modern demands. Raw materials which are required accommodate synthetic rubber, rubber, leather (pebble grained leather), wood, aluminum, nylon, gut etc. These are all topically produced.Related Supporting IndustriesDespite the presence of big sports cluster including topi cally based suppliers of raw materials, the cooperation among the private-public partnerships seems to be low. Differences in prices are created because of lack of coordination among the related industries. Individuals are not well trained nearly the technology advancement. enterpriser fervor is there but innovation is lagging behind.5Analysis damages markets share result require a add together of changes. In companionship to analyze the importance of the sports industry and to judge whether there is really any need for upgrading the sports cluster, the SWOT analysis is carried out which shows the strengths, decrepitnesses, opportunities and threats faced by the sports industry of Pakistan (exhibit 2). According to it, the sports industry has sustained up till now because of the presbyopic history of exports which has enabled it to maintain active and reliable linkages in international markets. though small in number, the labor force possesses quintuple skills regarding prod uction, for example, in the manufacturing of play bats, tennis rackets, and footballs which is keeping the industry functioning.However, sports industries are small-scale cottage industries with weak management capabilities of the employees and a tough price competition in the market, make their survival difficult. Moreover, absence of international standards and accredited testing laboratories is also adding to the weaknesses. lose of product innovation and extensive power outages are also poignant it negatively. Furthermore, employees are not well trained around the latest technologies in the market and are thus reluctant in adopting them which is putting the industry behind day by day. Keeping the employees well trained about latest technologies lead enable them to keep track of the latest trends in the market. Also, in small scale industries the investors are poor and illiterate so the production methods and machinery are outdated.Moreover, there are good opportunities for the sports industry to amplify like low rate of mark-up on working capital loans, very low income tax rates and better trade access in EU and USA.Some threats to the industry involve technical and environmental barriers to trade, licensing and international standards requirement by the international markets and producers of raw materials. Lack of education resulting in poor technology advancement has become a threat to the industry.6 China/ East Asia production is also posing serious threat to the industry.RecommendationsIn erect to improve the export conditions of the sports industry, the following Five social class envision unavoidably to be implemented.Five Year seeThe Five Year Plan would reduce onAddressing barriers (poor information infrastructure, lack of technical know-how, little capital, power outages, illiteracy, poor management skills, lack of modernization)Sports products innovation and mutationEducating entrepreneurs about advanced technologyLabor skills enha ncement to bring innovation and diversity in productsOverarching StrategyTo enhance and strengthen the existing sports cluster and run low it towards competitive advantageTo bring reforms which would enable the sports industry to overtake the market share lossesYear 1A Cluster observe Cell comprising of dedicated departments would be established by the government which would admonisher the activities of the sports industry cluster and would try to bring reforms to the industry.Existing employees would be educate about the latest technology trends prevalent in the market. practiced centers would be setup under governments educational programs, launched and funded by the Education Department to provide adequate training to the employees.Workshops for counseling regarding investment and other matters would be provided to the overbold comers in the business. This would be taken care of by the Training Department. inquiry Department would point out industries in the cluster which justly require funds. Funding Department would then collaborate with the government to provide loans and unaccented installment facilities to the owners in order to reduce the risk of going out of business.The information infrastructure needs to be improved by the development resource Bureau for proper flow of information across the multiple industries in the sports cluster.Government intervention plans would be made and implemented in order to reduce threats. The Research Department would indentify when intervention is required.Human Resource Department would set criteria for hiring employees.Government would launch scholarship and exchange programs under the Education Department of Cluster Monitoring Cell in order to overcome the reluctance of employees in getting educated.Year 2-3In lengthiness to Year 1 PlanIn order to cater to the needs of a wide range of markets, diversity in production would be introduced.Responsible organizations like Cluster Monitoring Cell and Governme nt would focus on susceptibility building so that better advantage could be taken of opportunities available to the industry.Issues regarding World Trade Organization would be overcome through proper seminars, trainings and workshops which would be conducted at least four propagation a year at different locations. Strict laws would be implemented, entrancement of which would result in penalties.Export services provided by the government would be strengthened.Solar, wind and hydel power generating units would be installed at the industry by the government to deal with power outage problem.Year 4-5In continuation to Year 2-3 PlanA comprehensive national level strategy plan will be made which would involve all the stakeholders. Focus would be on sustainable development of the industry. For that, reliance on subsidies and monetary support will be discouraged.Government would intervene to limit the ever increasing number of industries by allowing only those industries to export that h ave a certain capacity for capital investment.ConclusionSports industry is one of the most revenue generating industries of Pakistan. There is an urgent need to adopt the above recommendations before it is too late. These would help in bridging the gap between the various related industries in the sports cluster. Technical know how, information about WTO issues and latest technologies need to be infused in the minds of the entrepreneurs so that they could help in better running of the industry. Government needs to intervene in the industry matters at the right time in order to control the situation before industries are met with market shares losses.BibliographyGhani, Dr. Jawaid A. SIALKOTS entrepreneurial SPIRIT, No.96-10 (September, 1996).Karim, Yasir,Sports Industry in PakistanPorter, Michael E., Chapter 7, Clusters and contender New Agendas for Companies, Governments and Institutions in On disceptation, (BostonHarvard credit line School Press,1998).Web ResourcesDAWN Media mu ltitude (29th August, 2009) Pakistan set to recapture football market, available at http//www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/business/09-pakistan-set-to-recapture-football-marketszh-06, accessed seventeenth March, 2010.Sialkot Export (no date) Sports Wear, Sports Goods in Sialkot, available at http//www.sialkotexport.com/sports.aspx, accessed seventeenth March 2010.Dr. Jawaid A. Ghani, SIALKOTS entrepreneurial SPIRIT, No.96-10 (September, 1996), p.7Sialkot Export (no date) Sports Wear, Sports Goods in Sialkot, available at http//www.sialkotexport.com/sports.aspx, accessed 17th March 2010.Michael E. Porter, Chapter 7, Clusters and Competition New Agendas for Companies, Governments and Institutions in On Competition, (BostonHarvard Business School Press,1998), p.211DAWN Media Group (29th August, 2009), available at http//www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/business/09-pakistan-set-to-recapture-football-marketszh-06, accessed 17th March, 2010.Porter, Chapter 7, Clusters and Competition New Agendas for Companies, Governments and Institutions , p.210-213.Yasir Karim, Sports Industry in Pakistan, pp.9-10Yasir Karim, Sports Industry in Pakistan, p.11Porter, Chapter 7, Clusters and Competition New Agendas for Companies, Governments and Institutions , p.211Karim, Sports Industry in Pakistan, pp.9-10

Human Colony On Mars By 2023 Marketing Essay

Human Colony On mar By 2023 Marketing EssayIn March 2011 Bas Lansdorp came ace t maven(a) closer to his dream Creating a manned delegation to mar, by founding impair nonpareil. vitiate unity is a public spicy society with a clear vision taking humanity to damage in 2023 and testing a long-lived settlement. The spoil colony would present a construe in mankind geographic expedition of outer lay and would set a starting point for effectivenessly invalu suitable re wait, all of this while publicize live the life on vitiate in the form of a originality TV show. afterwards much than 18 months of self-funding, Mars 1 has attracted its real first sponsors. At the same quantify it has in addition sparked media sake as intimatelyspring as conspired certain doubts some its legation and feasibility. The initial investment by early sponsors has marked the beside step for the friendship initiating the funding stage. This is merely a drop of water into an ocean a s the appeals of only the first mission are estimated to be 6 billion of dollars. Therefore the main concern on Bas Landorps look is how to ensure the future financing of Mars oneness and if his business outline testament h grey-headed.OverviewThe foundersBas Lansdorp, M.Sc., Co-Founder Gen whilel DirectorBas is a 35 year old entrepreneur. He studied a Master of go out in mechanistic Engineering in the Twente University in 2003. subsequently his studies, he worked for five age at Delft University of Technology. Later, in 2008, he founded Ampyx Power in order to contract a refreshful, viable method of generating wind energy. Bas sold his shares Ampyx in 2011 and started works full time in Mars sensation, Bass dream for legion(predicate) long time.Lansdorp says that he has been figureing about the colonization of mars for at least 15 old age, since when he was still in University. In 2007, he revise the idea and began making more than serious calculations. I k sunri se(prenominal) this idea would be possible, but I retributory didnt know how to finance it he says. After roughly brainstorming, Lansdorp turned to Paul Rmer, the producer and creator of the internationally successful boastfully Br different reality TV series for pecuniary advice. After consultation the technical plans for the mission, Rmer told him funding should be no problem if we create the biggest media event ever close to it.This endeavor is an undreamt of challenge, e very(prenominal)wherewhelming at times and a bit scary. but we labor on. I believe the human exploration and habitation of Mars is imperative, the next giant leap for humankind.Arno A. Wielders, M.Sc., Co-Founder Technical DirectorArno studied Master of Science in Physics in the University of Amsterdam and graduated in 1997. After that, he started working for the Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, to work at the Dutch lacuna syllabus in the Very Large Telescope Interferometer Delay Line project . By 2002 he finished his advanced graduate look, TWAIO certificate and began working as a scientist at the home De mappingment of TNO TPD in Delft. There, he worked in the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a project that was create by the NASA agency. In 2005 he founded pose Horizon and did a pre-feasibility study of a subocular homeport on the Dutch is bestow of Curacao.He worked for the European blank space Agency (ESA), perform in the following capacities Instrument scientist for BepiColombo (mission to the planet Mercury) science group (2005-2007). shipment study manager for Cross Scale mission studies, a conformation of broadcasts orbiting the Earth for magnetosphere rehunt (2007-2009). Payload study manager for a mission to Jupiter (2009-2011).In addition, Arno co-founded the Mars rules of order Nederland, an organization with the objective to promote a human mission to the Red planet. Nowa daylights he volunteers for the world(a) Society and organizes, with the Netherlands Association for Spaceflight special events related to the space. At the act, he divides his time between Mars hotshot and working at the European Space Technology.I believe mankind is destined to be a multi-planet species, to preempt beyond the confines of our home planet. To work with Mars unmatched is to be a living part of this incredible undertaking.Mars hotshot working class agencyMars One is a tete-a-tete, apolitical organization. It is the guardianship objective of Mars One to establish a human settlement on the planet Mars in 2023. Mars One plans to accomplish this through and through the integrating of existing technologies genuine by aerospace corporations who take on demonstrated expertness in space travel.Vision of Mars OneMars One believes the human exploration of the solar system is greater than the ambition of a single corporation or achievement of an individual nation. Mars exploration offers an opportunity to celebrate what a united humani ty may accomplish.As with the Apollo Moon landings, a human mission to Mars will exhort generations to believe that all things are possible, that anything can be achieved. Mars One believes it is non only possible, but imperative that we establish a permanent outpost on Mars in order to accelerate our misgiving of the formation of the solar system, the origins of life, and of equal importance, our place in the universe.Where it would otherwise be too addressly for a single corporation and too crazy for a solitary government agency, Mars One intends through the integration of existing technologies to succeed in establishing the first human settlement on Mars by April 2023.Schedule2013 The first 40 astronauts will be selected a replica of the settlement will be strengthened for nurture purposes.2014 The first communication satellite will be produced.2016 A sum up mission will be plunked with 2500 kilograms of spare parts, solar photovoltaic panels, and global supplies in a m odified SpaceX Dragon.2018 An exploration vehicle will be launched to pick the stance of the settlement.2021 Six additional Dragon capsules and another wanderer will be launched with both living units, two life guard units and two supply units.2022 A SpaceX Falcon Heavy will launch with the first group of four colonists.2023 The first colonists will arrive on Mars in a modified Dragon capsule.2025 A foster group of four colonists will arrive.2033 The colony will reach 20 settlers.The TechnologyMars One has developed a plan to establish a settlement on Mars by 2023. This plan is built upon existing technologies available from proven suppliers. Mars One is not an aerospace keep company and will not manufacture mission computer hardware. All equipment will be developed by third party suppliers and integrated in ceremonious facilities.The fully equipped mission is comprised of the following, radical hardware components as give tongue to in Mars One websiteLauncher This is the ro cket used to wee payloads from Earth launch into Earth orbit or to Mars.Mars cut through Vehicle Is a vehicle responsible for transporting the astronauts to Mars, and consists of two propellant stages, a landing module and living quarters.Lander The Lander will be used for 5 functionsLife Support Unit A Lander that contains the systems for the generation of energy, water and breathable manner within the settlement.Supply Unit A Lander that contains food, spare parts and other smaller components.Living Unit This Unit is a Lander that is outfitted with a special inflatable section. After reaching the sur nervus of Mars, this allows it to create a intumescent living space for humans.Human Lander This is the unit which carries the astronauts to the surface of Mars. roamer Lander This is the unit which carries the rovers to the surface of Mars.Rover The Rover is a semi-autonomous, solar-electric powered exploration and gimmick vehicle used to explore the surface of Mars in search of the most suitable location for the settlement, for transport of large hardware components (in a tractor-like fashion), and then general assembly.Mars Suit protects astronauts from radical temperatures, the very thin, non-breathable atmosphere, and otherwise harmful radiation.Communications system The communications system transmits the telly streams from Mars to the communication satellite in Mars orbit and choke to Earth. (Essential for communication between Earth and Mars as healthy as vital for broadcasting reality TV show)A new era in Space IndustryThe development of the space industry match to Elon Musk (CEO of the clannish owned company SpaceX) can be resembled to the one of the internet. They some(prenominal) were, at a first stage, governmental initiatives created to enhance the mankind frontiers. But it was only until the arrival of private owned and technical companies that they developed their real say-so.Mr. Musk believes that what is spillage to happen with t he space industry in the upcoming years is going to be similar to what happened with the internet in the 90s. Reaching high grow rates and becoming more accessible for the general public.In May 2012, the company SpaceX launched the first private owned cargo pitching for the international space station. The falcon rocket successfully sent more than 500Kg of food and supplies to the ISS departing from Cape Canaveral, FL.For many analysts this was a milestone for the entire space industry and for the mankind itself. Nasas administrator Charles Bolden said Today marks the arising of a new era in exploration The significance of this day cannot be overstated a private company has launched a ballistic capsule to the International Space Station This certainly opens the gates for other commercialized companies to build space vessels and successfully execute space missions.DVBDSAMajor ChallengesThe main technical difficulties of the mission to mars come from the return switch on it implie s the emergency of a fully operational vehicle fitted of escaping the gravitational plain stitch of mars, with enough fuel and supplies for a 7 month trip to acres, and capable of landing on earth or assembling to the international space station. All of these are huge barriers that get to stopped humans from going to mars.Why is going to Mars so expensive? Mainly its the outstrip from Earth. At its closest point in orbit, Mars lies 35 one meg million million miles a flair from us, necessitating a journey of many months, whereas reaching the Moon requires just a few days flight. On top of this, Mars has a surface gravity that, though only 38 percent of Earths, is much greater than the Moons. It takes a lot of fuel to blast off Mars and get back home. If the propellant has to be transported at that place from Earth, costs of a launching soar. Without some radical improvements in technology, the prospects for sending astronauts on a round-trip to Mars any time soon are slim, w hatever the presidential rhetoric.-Paul Davies ( immature York Times interview, 2004)The health conditions of the cosmonauts are also a constraint for a long trip to mars. Since the gravity in mars is only 38% of the gravity of earth, after some time, the human be adapts itself top the new environment loosing osseous density and strength in the muscles. If a individual stays for too long on that environment, it would be impossible for its body to readapt to earths conditions again.Skepticism and doubtsA challenge of this kind is expected to prove all kinds of doubts and skepticism, and so it is in this case. First of all, the tight schedule that Mars One has defined seems to be a huge barrier for some quite a little, that argue that 11 years wont be enough to find and assemble all the pieces of the puzzle that are missing. In this group of people belongs Dr. Robert Zubrin, founder of the Mars Society, an international space advocacy non-profit organization apply to promoting t he human exploration and settlement of the planet Mars.Dr. Zubrin is also skeptical about the sponsorships and fundraising of the project he stated to the business sector Insider Magazine I dont animadvert the business plan closes it. Were going to go to Mars, we need billions of dollars, and were going to coiffe up the revenue with advertising and media rights and so on. You might be able to make up some of the money that way, but I dont think that anyone who is inte emited in making money is going to invest on that basis invest in this really risky proposition, and if youre lucky youll happen upon even? That doesnt fly.Theres also another group of people that after hearing about Mars One plans, think that this is just a boloney to gain public trouble and make money with market. Bas Landorp has responded to this The problem with proving something is not a fob is that people who are behind a hoax would answer in exactly the same way. This is a huge potential hazard for the company, as if they want to raise the money postulate, they will make believe to prove to potential investors that it is not a scam.Status ReportThe workings PlanIn 2011, the founding members of the Mars One team started think for the colonization of planet Mars. In the first year the completion of feasibility study has been achieved, and contacts need been made with experts from space agencies around the globe and private aerospace companies. Written letter of interest in support of the Mars One plan were legitimate. The analysis conducted by Mars One has included technical, financial, social-psychological and honorable components. Mars One team is looking in to possible location for its training facilities that will resemble the surface of Mars, Gobi desert and Sahara are creation considered. Concise Road map for Mars One mission has been placed out. Human settlement on Mars in 2023 has been carefully sight of as the roving positions and the respective distance from Ear th to Mars presents a key factor for the voyage.European Space Agency (ESA) and Russia let estimated that the Mission to Mars and back would cost more than 20 billion dollars.Bas Lansdopr and the team behind Mars One have calculated that their Mission to Mars will cost 6 billion dollars. This high drop of cost compared to global space agencies estimate, comes at a price. For Mars One to be feasible, the mission to Mars is planned as a one way trip. This means that anyone going to Mars with Mars One will have to be prepared to stay on Mars potentially for the rest of their lives. One way trip to planet Mars is not a novel idea, as it has been a topic of discussions for some time in space exploration circles. However this is the very first time someone suggested it as an actual proposition and part of their business plan.Forming the teamIn 2011 and begining2012, Lansdorp and Wielders placed the groundwork for Mars One through the development of associations with private aerospace cor porations, researchers and industry experts who are now moving to support the Mars One initiative.Bas and Arno have formed the competent team of experts in conglomerate handle to carry out Mars One mission. The team behind Mars One next to Bas Lansdorp (Co-Founder General Director) and Arno A. Wielders (Co-Founder Technical Director) consists of ( appurtenance A) Bryan Versteeg (Mission Concept Artist), Suzanne Flinkenflgel (Director of Communications), Kai Staats (Director of patronage culture) and the newest team member since 4. October 2012. Norbert Kraft (Medical Director).Mars One has relayed the support of various industry and scientific experts who bring real-world experience to Mars One. At the moment there are nine of them and their number is rising.Tanja Masson-Zwaan(Deputy Director of the International fetch of Air and Space Law at Leiden University and President of the International convey of Space Law)Brian Enke(Senior Space interrogation Analyst at the Southwe st Research set in Boulder, Colorado, USA)Prof. Pascale Ehrenfreund(Lead investigator with the NASA Astrobiology Institute)Dr. Gino Ormeno(Seasoned Aviation Medical tester with long storey of cooperation with NASA)Dr. Raye Kass(Professor of Applied Human Sciences at Concordia University, Montreal, Canada involved in numerous space research projects around the globe)Steve Carsey(UK television executive with a reputation for creating and producing various showsn on BBC, Chanal 5, Sky One, FOX)Prof. Thais Russomano(MD, PhD, Brazil, Aerospace Medicine, Space Physiology and Medicine, biomedical Engineering, and Telemedicine eHealth research and development)Dr. Christopher P. McKay(Planetary Scientist with the Space Science Division of NASA Ames)Dr. John D. Rummel(Director of East Carolina Universitys (ECUs) Institute for Coastal Science and Policy and chairman of COSPARs Panel on Planetary Protection).At the same time Mars One has managed to attract attention of few notable persons in form of Mars One ambassadors. around known are Prof. Dr. Gerardt Hooft (Nobel Prize winning theoretical physicist), Paul Rmer (The co-creator and very first producer of the The Big Donor Show and Big Brother), Mary Roach (American ecumenic published author, specializing in popular science), Dr. Gerard Blaauw (Chairman of the Netherlands Space Society), Prof. Dr. Ir. Boudewijn Ambrosius (Chairman of Astrodynamics and Space Missions at TU Delft), Dr. Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (Fellow Researcher at Institute of Space Science National University of Malaysia UKM, orthopedic surgeon and astronaut).Contacting the suppliersMars One has visited some(prenominal) major aerospace companies around the world to discuss their plan and the hardware components needed for the mission. For each component they have found at least one potential supplier. Mars One has visited the companies outlined below (Appendix B) and has trustworthy letters of interest from them.Astrobotic Technology Inc. is a Pit tsburgh based company that is pioneering affordable planetary access and mobility solutions.ILC capital of Delaware is the forerunner in the soft goods industry for authorized and near barrier spaceprograms and advocate for commercial space activities across the globe.MDA Corporationis a worldwide supplier of teaching systems and is an established provider of custom space systems to government and commercial markets internationally, from earth orbiting infrastructure and space vehicle servicing to deep space and planetary exploration.Paragon Space Development Corporation provides environmental controls for extreme and hazardous environments.Space exploration Technologies has developed a family of launch vehicles and spacecraft that increase reliability and undertake the cost of some(prenominal) manned and unmanned space transportation.Surrey Satellite Technology is the worldwide leader in the construction of small satellites.Thales Alenia Space has an enduring history in bu ilding habitable systems and has successfully developed a large number of pressurized elements for the International Space Station.SponsorshipMars One has only received initial sponsorship money so far. With most of the corporate sponsorship funds they will finance the conceptual design studies provided by the aerospace suppliers. Sponsors for Mars One include(Appendix D) Byte profits (Dutch internet service provider), VBC Notarissen (Dutch law firm), MeetIn (Dutch consulting company), New- elan vital.tv (Dutch web station), Dejan SEO (Australian search engine optimization company), Interpidrd (small new Engineering company based in USA) and Ad companionship( the U.S. based quaternary largest advertiser marketplace).Online presenceMars One has made its debut in online sphere with creation of Mars One website (www.mars-one.com). The website provides the information about Mars One and serves as a vena portae for Mars exploration enthusiasts. It also includes an online shop that sel ls Mars One merchandise (in form of shirts, posters and coffee mugs). The revenues from change are spent on funding the Mars Mission. With the launch of Mars One website the promotional introduction video has been released and was seen by more than one million viewers in the first four months.Case conundrumBas and the Mars One team face an extraordinary task they have 11 years to make a human colony on Mars. In that time they need to acquire the resources, and convince the investors as well as the global community that their plan is real and feasible. They will face high risks, uncertainty, all kind of complications and possibly competition.In the history of mankind, there have been several cases of almost unachievable endeavors, from the construction of the Pyramids to the Columbus trip to America and the Apollo missions to the Moon. Funding this kind of projects has always presented a major difficulty, oddly now in this case, since the aerospace industry is shifting from govern mental run organizations to private sector.Regular mechanisms of financing and funding companies may not apply to a business of this kind, Banks are not expected to lend money for these projects, and imagine capitalists Business Angels generally instruction on sectors with less risk. Therefore, Bas and his team have to come up with a new plan for gathering funds, attracting investors and guaranteeing a net cash flow of US6Bn in the next years in order to execute successfully the plan.Imagine that you are Bas Lansdorp. Try to value your strategic plan. Focus on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of Mars One. Furthermore think how would you raise the funds necessary to make this project a reality? What potential investors would you contact and what models of financing would you pursue? How would you convince the public that Mars One isnt a practical joke or marketing trick and narrate the potential financiers that Mars One presents a sound business opportunity?Appen dicesAppendix A The rest of Mars One teamBryan Versteeg, Mission Concept ArtistBryan Versteeg has worked for over 20 years in the creative personry industry, specifically 15 years as a conceptual artist in the architectural and engineering fields. For the past six years, Bryan has worked as an strong-minded artist and in 2011 founded Spacehabs.com in order to focus on the conceptual visualization for space exploration. Bryan is responsible for all the animations and illustrations on theMars One website.Suzanne Flinkenflgel, M.A., Director of CommunicationsSuzanne graduated in 2005 in International Business Communications and Spanish at the University of Nijmegen. Suzanne brings to Mars One her working knowledge and experience in online marketing, social media and web analytics. Before Mars One Suzanne worked as a Marketing Manager for Dutch hosting provider Byte Internet. In her spare time, she works as a voluntary coach at the 1%Club, a crowd-sourcing platform that connects smar t development projects with people, funds, and knowledge around the world.Kai Staats, Director of Business DevelopmentKai Staats comes to Mars One with extensive experience in business development, mission critical systems development, and professional writing. Staats was for ten years the founder and CEO of Terra Soft Solutions, the former developer of Yellow Dog Linux for the PowerPC architecture. In this capacity, he led his team to develop supercomputing systems built upon Apple, IBM, and Sony computers for the United States Departments of Energy and Defense, NASA, top-tier university labs, and commercial entities in the tele-communications, defense, life sciences, and research arenas.Terra Soft systems were used to physical process images from the Mars rovers, to conduct real-time sonar imaging on-board the U.S. submarines, to train two military and commercial pilots, and conduct bioinformatics research.Norbert Kraft, M.D., Medical DirectorNorbert Kraft, M.D., USA. Dr. Kraft received the 2010 Award for Outstanding Accomplishments in the Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Aerospace Medicine. He has over 17 years of experience in aviation and aerospace research and development. His primary area of expertise is developing physiological and psychological countermeasures to combat the prejudicial effects of long-duration spacefaring. Dr. Krafts experiences span Europe, Asia, and the United States, where he has worked for several international space agencies, including the Russian Space Agency and the Japanese Space Agency.Appendix B Potential Suppliers to Mars OneAstrobotic Technology Inc. is a Pittsburgh based company that is pioneering affordable planetary access and mobility solutions that promise to spark a new era of exploration, science, tourism, resource utilization and mining in the solar system. Astrobotic is fleeting a mission to the moons pole in 2015 to find water ice.ILC capital of Delaware is the forerunner in the soft goods industry fo r current and near term spaceprograms and is very supportive of commercial space activities across the globe. ILC Dover is one of the fewcompanies in the world that can claim to have products on both the Moon and on Mars. They have contributed to the Apollo spacesuits and the three-airbag landing systems that helped land the NASA rovers on Mars surface.MDA Corporationis a worldwide provider of information systems and is an established provider of custom space systems to government and commercial markets internationally, from earth orbiting infrastructure and spacecraft servicing to deep space and planetary exploration. provider of the robotic systems aboard the Space Shuttle and Space Station as well as robotic systems and science instruments successfully operating on the surface of Mars , MDAs exploration heritage traces back over three decades of human spaceflight and Mars exploration. Today MDA supports US, Canadian, European, Russian, Japanese and commercial space programs from operating units across Canada, the US and Europe.Paragon Space Development Corporation provides environmental controls for extreme and hazardous environments. Paragon designs, builds, tests and operates premier life support systems and leading thermal control products for astronauts,contaminated water divers, and other extreme environment adventurers, as well as for unmanned space and terrestrial applications.Space Exploration Technologies has developed a family of launch vehicles and spacecraft that increase reliability and reduce the cost of both manned and unmanned space transportation, ultimately by a factor of ten. As the first rockets developed in the twenty-first century, the Falcon series take advantage of the latest technologies, as well as 50 years of lessons learned in the aerospace industry. SpaceX is demonstrating that through simplicity, both reliability and low cost can be achieved in commercial space flight.Surrey Satellite Technology is the worldwide leader in the construction of small satellites. The British company provides a range of affordable satellite solutions to a variety of customers in the fields of Earth observation, science, technology demonstration, telecommunications and navigation.Thales Alenia Space has an enduring history in building habitable systems and has successfully developed a large number of pressurized elements for the International Space Station, including Node 2 3, Cupola, Columbus and ATV Cargo Carriers. Thales is also currently developing the pressurized cargo carriers for the orbital Cygnus vehicle in the frame of the NASA Commercial Resupply Services initiative.Appendix C Initial Mars One sponsorsByte Internet is a hosting provider with a strong emphasis on service and technology and focuses on professionals (web designers or companies). Byte was founded in 1999 and in recent years has grown very rapidly. (www.byte.nl)VBC Notarissen is an independent Dutch law firm with 3 branches. They have more than 70 emplo yees in their offices in Amersfoort, Barneveld and Nijkerk. (www.vbcnotarissen.nl)MeetIn is a Dutch consulting company, established in 2004 by Dirk Aleven and is located in Utrecht, the Netherlands.New Energy.TV is an Dutch independent portal and internet station which focuses at the long-term process towards a sustainable energy supply in the Netherlands. Founding Partners are Roelf van Til Productions and New Energy Works. The web station began on 1 January 2006.Dejan SEO is in a nutshell an Australian search engine optimization company. They have provided professional marketing services to a diverse clientele since 2001. Founded in Brisbane, the companys initial focus was providing consulting services for other marketing firms. Starting in 2008, Dejan SEO began offering search engine optimization services directly to the public as part of the newly-formed corporation SEO Pty Ltd. The company expanded internationally in 2009 opening two European offices and forming a business part nership in the United States. hardy research development is an engineering company in the USA, Pittsburgh area founded in 2011 by two Penn State honors graduates, Timothy Baxter and Joshua Vogel. They focus on optimizing research development and providing consultancy and services to other companies.Adknowledge, the fourth largest advertiser marketplace, specializes in performance-based marketing solutions that help make the long tail web accessible to search engine advertisers. Since its founding in 2004, Adknowledge has grown organically and through acquisitions, including Miva, super Rewards and Hydra, became the largest privately-owned internet advertising network. In 2011 Adknowledge raised over $200 million in debt and equity financing to fuel its growth.